姑咱台钻孔应变观测值年变化的数值模拟解释

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.026

地震地质 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1137-1147.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.04.026

姑咱台钻孔应变观测值年变化的数值模拟解释

杨少华^1,2, 任天翔², 董培育^2,3, 石耀霖²

1. 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 大地构造与动力学重点实验室, 北京 100037;
2. 中国科学院大学, 计算地球动力学重点实验室, 北京 100049;
3. 中国地震局地震研究所, 地震大地测量重点实验室, 武汉 430071

收稿日期:2015-02-22 修回日期:2015-05-13 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2017-01-20
通讯作者: 石耀霖,男,院士,主要从事地球动力学研究,E-mail:shyl@ucas.ac.cn
作者简介:杨少华,男,1987年生,2015年于中国科学院大学获固体地球物理学博士学位,主要从事地球动力学方面的研究,E-mail:yangshaohua09@sina.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41604080，41590860）与国土资源部深部探测技术与实验研究专项（201511028，201311187）共同资助

INTERPRETATION OF BOREHOLE STRAIN ANNUAL CHANGE AT GUZAN STATION BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

YANG Shao-hua^1,2, REN Tian-xiang², DONG Pei-yu^2,3, SHI Yao-lin²

1. Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Institue of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China

Received:2015-02-22 Revised:2015-05-13 Online:2016-12-20 Published:2017-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是最早开始以地震预测为目标的钻孔应变观测的国家之一。YRY-4四分量应变仪等中国自行研制的应变仪已达到世界先进水平，其分辨率可达10^-10量级，且可以稳定工作。为了捕捉构造应力变化的信号以及探讨它们与地震活动的联系，首先需要识别并排除降雨、气压变化、地下水位变化、河流涨落、抽注水等非构造因素引起的地应变。在某些台站（如大渡河谷旁的姑咱台），YRY-4型应变仪观测到年周期变化的应变信号。截至目前，没有相关文献解释产生这种信号的物理机制。文中试图解释该信号的成因。考虑地形因素，建立了三维有限元热-弹性耦合模型，模拟了地表温度年变化引起的热应变，说明了春季和秋季达到波峰和波谷的年周期变化的信号是地表温度年变化引起的热应变信号。建议高分辨应变仪（例如YRY-4型应变仪）地应变台站选址时应尽量选择开阔的区域而避免地形起伏较大的区域。

关键词: YRY-4钻孔应变仪, 应变观测, 热-弹性耦合, 数值模拟

Abstract:

China is one of the earliest countries to start borehole strain observation aiming to predicting earthquake.YRY-4 and other borehole strain instruments developed by China have reached the world advanced level,with a resolution of 10^-10 and can work stably.In order to capture the tectonic stress signals and analyze the relationship with seismicity,it is firstly necessary to identify and exclude the non-structure stress signals (caused e.g.by rainfall,pressure change,groundwater level fluctuation,river fluctuation etc).Annual strain change signals have been observed by YRY-4 borehole strain instrument at some stations (e.g.Guzan station in Dadu River valley).The signal is on the wave crest in spring and trough in autumn.Up to now,no relative papers have interpreted the physical mechanism causing such strain signals.In this paper,we manage to explain the physical mechanism by using numerical simulation.Considering the terrain factor of Dadu River valley,we set up a 3D finite-lement thermoelastic coupling model to compute the heat stress caused by annual change of surface temperature.The computing results are in good accordance with observation values,which illustrates that the annual change of strain signals is caused by annual change of surface temperature.We suggest that high-resolution borehole strain instrument (e.g.YRY-4 strain instrument) should avoid installing in a terribly undulate area,but choose a flat one.Although the strain signal with an annual change is a noise signal,to a certain extent,the signal illustrates that the current borehole strain instrument has a high resolution.This gives us more confidence to use this instrument to measure the structural strain.

Key words: YRY-4 borehole strain instrument, strain observation, thermoelastic coupling, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

P315.72⁺7

杨少华, 任天翔, 董培育, 石耀霖. 姑咱台钻孔应变观测值年变化的数值模拟解释[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(4): 1137-1147.

YANG Shao-hua, REN Tian-xiang, DONG Pei-yu, SHI Yao-lin. INTERPRETATION OF BOREHOLE STRAIN ANNUAL CHANGE AT GUZAN STATION BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(4): 1137-1147.

参考文献

曹建玲, 石耀霖. 2005. 地表温度年变化对地应力和地倾斜的影响［J］. 中国科学院研究生院学报, 22(3):303-308.
CAO Jian-ling, SHI Yao-lin. 2005. Stress and tilt induced by annual variation of surface temperature［J］. Journal of Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 22(3):303-308(in Chinese).
程惠红, 张怀, 朱伯靖, 等. 2012. 新丰江水库地震孔隙弹性耦合有限元模拟［J］. 中国科学(D辑), 42(6):905-916.
CHEN Hui-hong, ZHANG Huai, ZHU Bo-jing, et al. 2012. Simulation of elastic coupling of seismic pore in Xinfeng River Reservoir using finite element method［J］. Science in China(Ser D), 42(6):905-916(in Chinese).
池顺良. 1993. 一种浅孔安装的 YRY-2 型钻孔应变仪在中国华北地区 8 个台站试验观测的结果［J］. 地震学报, 15(2):224-231.
CHI Shun-liang. 1993. The experimental observation results of YRY-2 borehole strain instrument installed in shallow hole in 8 stations of North China［J］. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 15(2):224-231(in Chinese).
池顺良, 池毅, 邓涛, 等. 2009. 从 5·12 汶川地震前后分量应变仪观测到的应变异常看建设密集应变观测网络的必要性［J］. 国际地震动态, (1):1-13.
CHI Shun-liang, CHI Yi, DENG Tao, et al. 2009. The necessity of building national strain-observation network from the strain abnormality before Wenchuan earthquake［J］. Recent Developments in World Seicmology, (1):1-13(in Chinese).
董雪梅, 徐建明, 张晋川, 等. 2009. 四川前兆钻孔应变仪台站观测系统运行管理现状分析［J］. 四川地震, (4):31-36.
DONG Xue-mei, XU Jian-ming, ZHANG Jin-chuan, et al. 2009. Operation management of the borehole strain station in Sichuan Province［J］. Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (4):31-36(in Chinese).
郭俊义. 2001. 地球物理学基础［M］. 北京:测绘出版社.
GUO Jun-yi. 2001. Fundamentals of Geophysics［M］. Surveying and Mapping Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
李杰, 刘敏, 邹钟毅, 等. 2003. 数字化钻孔体应变干扰机理及异常分析［J］. 地震研究, 26(3):230-238.
LI Jie, LIU Min, ZOU Zhong-yi, et al. 2003. Analysis of disturbance mechanism and abnormity of digital obeservation data of borehole body strain meters［J］. Journal of Seismological Research, 26(3):230-238(in Chinese).
李维特, 黄保海, 毕仲波. 2004. 热应力理论分析及应用［M］. 北京:中国电力出版社.
LI Wei-te, HUANG Bao-hai, BI Zhong-bo. 2004. Thermodynamics Theory:Analysis and Application［M］. China Electric Power Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
欧阳祖熙, 李秉元, 贾维九, 等. 1988. 一种钻井式地应力测量系统［M］//中国地震局地壳应力研究所编. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2). 北京:地震出版社. 1-20.
OUYANG Zu-xi, LI Bing-yuan, JIA Wei-jiu, et al. 1988. A borehole stress measurement system［M］//Institute of Crustal Dynamics, CEA(ed). Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(2). Seismological Press, Beijing. 1-20(in Chinese).
邱泽华, 石耀霖. 2004. 国外钻孔应变观测的发展现状［J］. 地震学报, 26:162-168.
QIU Ze-huan, SHI Yao-lin. 2004. Development of borehole strain observation outside China［J］. Acta Seismological Sinica, 26:162-168(in Chinese).
邱泽华, 张宝红, 池顺良, 等. 2010. 汶川地震前姑咱台观测的异常应变变化［J］. 中国科学(D辑), 40(8):1031-1039.
QIU Ze-huan, ZHANG Bao-hong, CHI Shun-liang, et al. 2010. The observed changes of abnormal strain in Guzan station before Wenchuan earthquake［J］. Science in China(Ser D), 40(8):1031-1039(in Chinese).
石耀霖, 范桃园. 2000. 地应力观测井中元件标定及应力场计算方法［J］. 地震, 20(2):101-106.
SHI Yao-lin, FAN Tao-yuan. 2000. Borehole in situ calibration of stress sensors and calculation of variation of stress field during long-term observation［J］. Earthquake, 20(2):101-106(in Chinese).
苏恺之. 1982. 液位型体积式应变仪的工作原理［J］. 地震科学研究, 4:57-62.
SU Kai-zhi. 1982. The working principle of liquid level type volumetric strain instrument［J］. Seismological Sciences Research, 4:57-62(in Chinese).
王梅. 2002. 数字化体应变与气压、水位相关性研究［J］. 大地测量与地球动力学, 22(4):85-88.
WANG Mei. 2002. Study on correlation of digital body strain data with atmosphere and well water level［J］. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 22(4):85-88(in Chinese).
王梅, 李峰, 孔向阳, 等. 2004. 数字化形变观测干扰识别［J］. 大地测量与地球动力学, 24(1):94-98.
WANG Mei, LI Feng, KONG Xiang-yang,［M］et al［M］. 2004. Identification of disturbance of digital deformation observations［J］. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 24(1):94-98(in Chinese).
王启民, 冯先水, 马鸿钧. 1983. 一种弦频式钻孔应变仪［J］. 地震学报, 5(3):370-376.
WANG Qi-min, FENG Xian-shui, MA Hong-jun. 1983. A string-frequency bore-hole strain meter［J］. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 5(3):370-376(in Chinese).
吴庆鹏. 1990. 旋转弹性椭球地球模型的固体潮理论值计算［J］. 地震学报, 12(3):282-291.
WU Qing-peng. 1990. Calculation of the theoretical earth tides of a rotating elliptical elastic earth model［J］. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 12(3):282-291(in Chinese).
阳光, 刘仕锦, 李学川. 2010. 姑咱台 2008 年汶川 8.0 级地震钻孔应变观测报告［M］//中国地震局地壳应力研究所编. 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(22). 北京:地震出版社. 135-148.
YANG Guang, LIU Shi-jin, LI Xue-chuan. 2010. A report on borehole strain observation at Guzan Station for the 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008［M］//Institute of Crustal Dynamics, CEA(ed). Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(22). Seismological Press, Beijing. 135-148(in Chinese).
张学阳. 1987. 潮汐观测中高精度气压辅助观测的必要性及气压效应的校正［J］. 地壳形变与地震, 7(4):273-280.
ZHANG Xue-yang. 1987. A necessity of high-precise assistance measurement for atmospheric pressure and correction of atmosphric pressure effect in tidal observation［J］. Crustal Deformation and Earthquake, 7(4):273-280(in Chinese).
周龙寿, 邱泽华, 唐磊. 2008. 地壳应变场对气压短周期变化的响应［J］. 地球物理学进展, 23(6):1717-1726.
ZHOU Long-shou, QIU Ze-hua, TANG Lei. 2008. The response of crustal strain field to short-period atmospheric pressure variation［J］. Progress in Geophysics, 23(6):1717-1726(in Chinese).
Bower A F. 2011. Applied Mechanics of Solids［M］. Boca Raton:CRC press.
Gladwin M T. 1984. High precision multi-component borehole deformation monitoring［J］. Rev Sci Instrum, (55):2011-2016.
Gladwin M T, Hart R. 1985. Design parameters for borehole strain instrumentation［J］. Pure Appl Geophys, (123):59-80.
Krysl P. 2011. Thermal and Stress Analysis with the Finite Element Method［M］. San Diego:Pressure Cooker Press.
Linde A T, Gladwin M T, Johnston M J S, et al. 1996. A slow earthquake sequence near San Juan Bautista, California in December 1992［J］. Nature, (383):65-69.
Sacks I S, Suyehiro S, Linde A T, et al. 1978. Slow earthquake and stress distribution［J］. Nature, (275):599-602.
Turcotte D L, Schubert G. 2014. Geodynamics［M］. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

[1]	徐志国, 王君成, 王宗辰, 梁姗姗, 史健宇. 2019年11月14日印尼马鲁古海7.1级地震的震源机制及海啸数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(6): 1417-1431.
[2]	章鑫, 杜学彬. 郯庐断裂带南段对近地表大地电流的分异性[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(4): 909-922.
[3]	石峰, 何宏林, 周本刚, 魏占玉, 毕丽思. 马尼拉海沟地震海啸对中国大陆的影响[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(3): 579-589.
[4]	万永魁, 刘峡, 沈军, 王雷, 李妍. 汶川地震前龙门山及其周缘断裂形变运动与应力累积的数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(4): 853-868.
[5]	董培育, 胡才博, 石耀霖. 青藏高原及周边区域地表长期变形数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(2): 410-422.
[6]	祝爱玉, 张东宁, 蒋长胜, 黎明. 川滇地区地壳应变能密度变化率与强震复发间隔的数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(3): 906-927.
[7]	尹京苑, 刘岚, 王华林, 李成范. 日本3·11大地震对郯庐断裂带(中南段)位移场影响的数值模拟研究[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(3): 928-938.
[8]	杨彧, 杨晓松, 段庆宝. 水库蓄水与断层带流体孔隙压时-空分布的数值模拟——以紫坪铺水库为例[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 510-523.
[9]	陈晓利, 常祖峰, 王昆. 云南鲁甸M_S6.5地震红石岩滑坡稳定性的数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(1): 279-290.
[10]	周斌, 孙峰, 薛世峰, 蒋海昆, 史水平. 水库蓄放水对库底岩石介质弹性波速影响的数值模拟[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(1): 39-51.
[11]	胡勐乾, 邓志辉, 陆远忠, 宋键, 路雨, 朱秀云, 孙锋. 三维数值模拟在华北地区现今构造变形分析中的应用[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(1): 148-165.
[12]	邓志辉, 宋键, 孙君秀, 陶京玲, 胡勐乾, 马晓静, 姜辉, 李红. 数值模拟方法在地震预测研究中应用的初步探讨(Ⅰ)[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 660-669.
[13]	邓志辉, 胡勐乾, 周斌, 陆远忠, 陶京玲, 马晓静, 姜辉, 李红. 数值模拟方法在地震预测研究中应用的初步探讨(Ⅱ)[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(3): 670-683.
[14]	胡勐乾, 邓志辉, 陆远忠. 有限元数值模拟方法在华北地区地震地质研究中的应用进展[J]. 地震地质, 2010, 32(1): 162-173.
[15]	邱泽华, 唐磊, 阚宝祥, 易志刚, 焦青, 张超凡. 用钻孔应变观测研究北京地区活断层的现今活动[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(4): 716-728.

姑咱台钻孔应变观测值年变化的数值模拟解释

INTERPRETATION OF BOREHOLE STRAIN ANNUAL CHANGE AT GUZAN STATION BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价