地震地质 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 803-820.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2019.04.001

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西准噶尔冬别列克断裂晚第四纪以来的阶地位错与滑动速率

姚远1,2, 李帅1, 黄帅堂1, 贾海梁3   

  1. 1. 新疆维吾尔自治区地震局, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2. 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;
    3. 西安科技大学, 建筑与土木工程学院, 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-21 修回日期:2019-03-18 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-09-28
  • 作者简介:姚远,男,1988年生,2012年于中国地质大学(武汉)获地质工程专业硕士学位,高级工程师,主要从事地震地质研究工作,E-mail:yy8096658@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH17042Y)、新疆地震科学基金课题(201810)和国家自然科学基金(41702334)共同资助

TERRACE DEFORMATION AND SLIP RATES OF THE DONGBIELIEKE FAULT IN WESTERN JUNGGAR BASIN SINCE THE LATE QUATERNARY

YAO Yuan1,2, LI Shuai1, HUANG Shuai-tang1, JIA Hai-liang3   

  1. 1. Earthquake Agency of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China;
    3. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
  • Received:2018-12-21 Revised:2019-03-18 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-09-28

摘要: 冬别列克断裂是一条全新世活动断裂,位于西准噶尔造山带的关键位置,该断裂总长120km,走向NE。晚第四纪以来,冬别列克断裂的持续活动使得断裂沿线各级地貌面发生了明显的左旋位错,在塔城盆地东侧形成线性连续且笔直的陡坎地貌。文中利用高精度无人机和差分GPS对阿合别斗河多级阶地的左旋位错量进行了面状航拍、测量,建立了分辨率高达0.1m的数字地形数据,发现T5-T2阶地陡坎的最大左旋位错量依次为30.7m、12.0m和8.7m。通过光释光测年方法得到了各级阶地(T5-T1)的年龄,进而得出冬别列克断裂晚更新世以来的左旋滑动速率为0.7~0.94mm/a,结合阶地侧向侵蚀特征,分析认为T4、T2阶地的滑动速率更加接近真实值(0.91±0.18)mm/a。结合西准噶尔的其它2条大型走滑断裂(达尔布特断裂和托里断裂)的滑动速率,并对比西准噶尔地区的GPS速率,认为该地区NE向的走滑运动以冬别列克断裂为主,吸收大量剩余变形,同时保持相对较高的左旋滑动速率。

关键词: 西准噶尔, 冬别列克断裂, 阶地位错, 滑动速率

Abstract: Strike-slip fault plays an important role in the process of tectonic deformation since Cenozoic in Asia. The role of strike-slip fault in the process of mountain building and continental deformation has always been an important issue of universal concern to the earth science community. Junggar Basin is located in the hinterland of Central Asia, bordering on the north the Altay region and the Baikal rift system, which are prone to devastating earthquakes, the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Tibet Plateau on the south, and the rigid blocks, such as Erdos, the South China, the North China Plain and Amur, on the east. Affected by the effect of the Indian-Eurasian collision on the south of the basin and at the same time, driven by the southward push of the Mongolian-Siberian plate, the active structures in the periphery of the basin show a relatively strong activity. The main deformation patterns are represented by the large-scale NNW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by right-lateral shearing, the NNE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by left-lateral shearing, and the thrust-nappe structure systems distributed in piedmont of Tianshan in the south of the basin. There are three near-parallel-distributed left-lateral strike-slip faults in the west edge of the basin, from the east to the west, they are:the Daerbute Fault, the Toli Fault and the Dongbielieke Fault. This paper focuses on the Dongbielieke Fault in the western Junggar region. The Dongbielieke Fault is a Holocene active fault, located at the key position of the western Junggar orogenic belt. The total length of the fault is 120km, striking NE. Since the late Quaternary, the continuous activity of the Dongbielieke Fault has caused obvious left-lateral displacement at all geomorphologic units along the fault, and a linear continuous straight steep scarp was formed on the eastern side of the Tacheng Basin. According to the strike and the movement of fault, the fault can be divided into three segments, namely, the north, middle and south segment.
In order to obtain a more accurate magnitude of the left-lateral strike-slip displacement and the accumulative left-lateral strike-slip displacement of different geomorphic surfaces, we chose the Ahebiedou River in the southern segment and used the UAV to take three-dimensional photographs to obtain the digital elevation model(the accuracy is 10cm). And on this basis, the amount of left-lateral strike-slip displacement of various geological masses and geomorphic surfaces(lines)since their formation is obtained. The maximum left-lateral displacement of the terrace T5 is(30.7±2.1)m and the minimum left-lateral displacement is(20.1±1.3)m; the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T4 is(12±0.9)m, and the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T2 is(8.7±0.6)m. OSL dating samples from the surface of different level terraces(T5, T4, T2 and T1)are collected, processed and measured, and the ages of the terraces of various levels are obtained. By measuring the amount of left-lateral displacements since the Late Quaternary of the Dongbielieke Fault and combining the dating results of the various geomorphic surfaces, the displacements and slip rates of the fault on each level of the terraces since the formation of the T5 terrace are calculated. Using the maximum displacement of(30.7±2.1)m of the T5 terrace and the age of the geomorphic surface on the west bank of the river, we obtained the slip rate of(0.7±0.11)mm/a; similarly, using the minimum displacement of(20.1±1.3)m and the age of the geomorphic surface of the east bank, we obtained the slip rate of(0.46±0.07)mm/a. T5 terrace is developed on both banks of the river and on both walls of the fault. After the terraces are offset by faulting, the terraces on foot wall in the left bank of the river are far away from the river, and the erosion basically stops. After that, the river mainly cuts the terraces on the east bank. Therefore, the west bank retains a more accurate displacement of the geomorphic surface(Gold et al., 2009), so the left-lateral slip rate of the T5 terrace is taken as(0.7±0.11)mm/a. The left-lateral slip rate calculated for T4 and T2 terraces is similar, with an average value of(0.91±0.18)mm/a. In the evolution process of river terraces, the lateral erosion of high-level terrace is much larger than that of low-level terrace, so the slip rate of T4 and T2 terraces is closer to the true value. The left-lateral slip rate of the Dongbielieke Fault since the late Quaternary is(0.91±0.18)m/a. Compared with the GPS slip rate in the western Junggar area, it is considered that the NE-trending strike-slip motion in this area is dominated by the Dongbielieke Fault, which absorbs a large amount of residual deformation while maintaining a relatively high left-lateral slip rate.

Key words: western Junggar, Dongbielieke Fault, deformation of terrace, slip rate

中图分类号: