为了更好地了解防震减灾公共服务的基本现状、 分析公众的防震减灾公共服务需求, 2018年与国家统计局社情民意调查中心合作, 开展了全国公众防震减灾基础调查。 对31个省份18~75周岁的城乡居民进行分层抽样, 采用计算机辅助电话调查的方法共获得20 078个有效样本。 结果表明, 全国公众地震应急演练参与度仅27.4%; 防震减灾知识宣传知晓度为73.5%, 满意度为75.22分; 公众对地震信息的关注度高达82.9%, 地震信息获取便利度评价为81.51分; 公众对地震部门发布信息的权威性评价为83.69分; 全国防震减灾公共服务总体感受满意度评分为76.44分; 震后救援和灾后重建、 地震预警、 房屋抗震能力测试为公众最想获取的3类防震减灾公共服务。 文中获得的调查分析结果可为防震减灾公共服务评价和现代化建设提供参考。

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.