DEFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOUSHAN-LUOSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

As the outermost fault zone in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau,the deep structures,distribution,movement feature and deformational mechanism of the Niushoushan-Luoshan Fault zone are crucial to understand the formation and evolution of the arcuate fault zones in the northeast corner of the Tibetan plateau. In this paper,we analyze four seismic reflection sections across the Niushoushan-Luoshan Fault zone and map in detail the area within the fault zone. These data indicate that the Niushoushan-Luoshan Fault zone is a discrete fault zone. The fault zone can be subdivided into three parts: the south part,i.e.the Luoshan Fault,is characterized by positive flower structure,shown as remarkable right lateral strike-slip; in the middle segment,that is,the Niushoushan Fault,no active fault exists on the east flank of the Niushoushan,and this region is dominated by intensive folding; the north part,the Sanguankou Fault,is a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The discontinuity and segmentation feature of the Niushoushan-Luoshan Fault zone suggest different deformational styles in different locations of the fault zone associated with the process of northeastward propagation of the Tibetan plateau.

Key words: Niushoushan-Luoshan Fault zone, northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, tectonic deformation

摘要：

牛首山-罗山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘最外侧的一条断裂带,其空间分布、深部结构、运动学特征以及变形机制对研究青藏高原东北角弧形断裂系的形成与演化具有重要意义.文中通过对横穿牛首山-罗山的4条地震反射剖面的解释及断裂带部分地区大比例尺的构造地质填图,发现牛首山-罗山断裂带具有不连续性与分段性.断裂带南段罗山断裂以正花状构造为特征,显示断裂具有右旋走滑性质; 中段牛首山东麓断裂可能并不存在,该区以强烈的褶皱变形为特征; 北段三关口断裂则以左旋走滑为特征.牛首山-罗山断裂带的这种不连续性和分段性反映了断裂带的不同构造部位在青藏高原向NE方向扩展过程中具有不同的变形样式.

关键词: 牛首山-罗山断裂带, 青藏高原东北缘, 构造变形

CLC Number:

P315.2

WANG Wei-tao, ZHANG Pei-zhen, LEI Qi-yun. DEFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NIUSHOUSHAN-LUOSHAN FAULT ZONE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2013, 35(2): 195-207.

王伟涛, 张培震, 雷启云. 牛首山-罗山断裂带的变形特征及其构造意义[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(2): 195-207.

References

方盛明,赵成彬,柴炽章,等.2009.银川断陷盆地地壳结构与构造的地震学证据［J］.地球物理学报,52(7): 1768—1775.
FANG Sheng-ming,ZHAO Cheng-bin,CHAI Chi-zhang,et al.2009.Seismic evidence of crustal structures in the Yinchuan faulted basin ［J］.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(7): 1768—1775(in Chinese).
国家地震局地质研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震局.1990.海原断裂带［M］.北京:地震出版社.
Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration,Earthquake Bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.1990.The Haiyuan Fault Zone ［M］.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局""鄂尔多斯周缘断裂系""课题组.1988.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系［M］.北京:地震出版社.39—285.
Research Group on Active Fault Systems around the Ordos Massif, State Seismological Bureau.1988.Active Fault Systems around the Ordos Massif ［M］.Seismological Press,Beijing. 39—285(in Chinese).
李传友.2005.青藏高原东北部几条主要断裂带的定量研究 : .北京:中国地震局地质研究所.76—101.
LI Chuan-you.2005.Quantitative studies on major active fault zones in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau .Dissertation. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing.76—101(in Chinese).
李吉均,方小敏,马海洲,等.1996.晚新生代黄河上游地貌演化与青藏高原隆起［J］.中国科学(D),26(4): 316—322.
LI Ji-jun,FANG Xaio-min,MA Hai-zhou,et al.1996.Geomorphological and environmental evolution in the upper reaches of the Yellow River during the late Cenozoic ［J］.Science in China(Ser D),39(4): 380—390.
闵伟,柴炽章,王萍,等.1992.罗山东麓断裂全新世活动特征的初步研究［J］.中国地震,8(4): 49—54.
MIN Wei,CHAI Chi-zhang,WANG Ping,et al.1992.Preliminary study on the Holocene active fault features at the eastern piedmont of the Luoshan Mountain ［J］.Earthquake Research in China,8(4): 49—54(in Chinese).
宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局.1996.宁夏回族自治区岩石地层(全国地层多重划分对比研究64)［M］.北京:中国地质大学出版社.
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.1996.Strata of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Strata Correlation of China 64)［M］.Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
任纪舜,姜春发,张正坤,等.1980.中国大地构造及其演化［M］.北京:科学出版社.10—65.
REN Ji-shun,JIANG Chun-fa,ZHANG Zheng-kun,et al.1980.Geotectonic Evolution of China ［M］.Science Press,Beijing.10—65(in Chinese).
任文军,张庆龙,张进,等.1999.鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起板块构造成因初步研究［J］.大气构造与成矿,23(2): 191—196.
REN Wen-jun,ZHANG Qing-long,ZHANG Jin,et al.1999.The plate tectonic formation of the central paleouplift in the Ordos Basin ［J］.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,23(2): 191—196.
汤锡元,郭忠铭.1992.陕甘宁盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造及油气勘探［M］.西安:西北大学出版社.
TANG Xi-yuan,GUO Zhong-ming.1992.The Thrusting Tectonics in the West Margin of Shanganning Basin and the Petroleum Exploration ［M］.Northeast University Press,Xi'an(in Chinese).
田勤俭,丁国瑜,申旭辉.2002.青藏高原东北隅强震构造模型［J］.地震,22(1): 9—16.
TIAN Qin-jian,DING Guo-yu,SHEN Xu-hui,et al.2002.Seismic tectonic model of the northeastern corner of the Tibet Plateau ［J］.Earthquake,22(1): 9—16(in Chinese).
王伟涛,张培震,张广良,等.2010.青藏高原东北缘寺口子盆地新生代沉积演化及其构造意义［J］.地质科学,45(2): 440—452.
WANG Wei-tao,ZHANG Pei-zhen,ZHANG Guang-liang,et al.2010.Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Sikouzi Basin on the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and its tectonic significance ［J］.Chinese Journal of Geology,45(2): 440—452(in Chinese).
王志才,张培震,张广良,等.2006.西秦岭北缘构造带的新生代构造活动: 兼论对青藏高原东北缘形成过程的指示意义［J］.地学前缘,13(4): 119—135.
WANG Zhi-cai,ZHANG Pei-zhen,ZHANG Guang-liang,et al.2006.Tertiary tectonic activities of the north frontal fault zone of the west Qinling Mountains: Implications for the growth of the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau ［J］.Earth Science Frontiers,13(4): 119—135(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,Tapponnier P,Van Der Woerd J,等.2003.阿尔金断裂带晚第四纪左旋走滑速率及其构造运动转换模式讨论［J］.中国科学(D),33(10): 967—974.
XU Xi-wei,Tapponnier P,Van Der Woerd J,et al.2003.Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics for active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region,China ［J］.Science in China(Ser D),33(10): 967—974(in Chinese).
袁道阳,张培震,刘百篪,等.2004.青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换［J］.地质学报,78(2): 270—278.
YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,LIU Bai-chi,et al.2004.Geometrical imagery and tectonic transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau ［J］.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(2): 270—278(in Chinese).
袁道阳,张培震,雷中生,等.2005.青海拉脊山断裂带新活动特征的初步研究［J］.中国地震,21(1): 93—102.
YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,LEI Zhong-sheng,et al.2005.A preliminary study on the new activity features of the Lajishan Mountain Fault zone in Qinghai Province ［J］.Earthquake Research in China,21(1): 93—102(in Chinese).
袁道阳,张培震,方小敏,等.2007.青藏高原东北缘临夏盆地晚新生代构造变形及过程［J］.地学前缘,14(1): 243—250.
YUAN Dao-yang,ZHANG Pei-zhen,FANG Xiao-min,et al.2007.Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation of the Linxia Basin,northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ［J］.Earth Science Frontiers,14(1): 243—250(in Chinese).
詹艳.2008.青藏高原东北缘地区深部电性结构特征及构造涵义 : .北京:中国地震局地质研究所.76—101.
ZHAN Yan.2008.Deep electric structures beneath the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and its tectonic implications .Dissertation. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing,76—101(in Chinese).
张进,马宗晋,任文军.2005.宁夏中南部新生界沉积特征及其与青藏高原演化的关系［J］.地质学报,79(6): 757—773.
ZHANG Jin,MA Zong-jin,REN Wen-jun.2005.The sedimentary characteristics of Cenozoic strata in central and southern Ningxia and their relationships with the development of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau ［J］.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(6): 757—773(in Chinese).
张进,马宗晋,任文军.2006.试论宁夏地区始新统寺口子组沉积的构造背景［J］.地质论评,52(2): 207—214.
ZHANG Jin,MA Zong-jin,REN Wen-jun.2006.Discussion on the tectonic setting of deposition of the Eocene Sikouzi Formation in Ningxia region ［J］.Geological Review,52(2): 207—214(in Chinese).
郑德文,张培震,万景林,等.2003.青藏高原东北边缘晚新生代构造变形的时序: 临夏盆地碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹记录［J］.中国科学(D),33(B04): 190—198.
ZHENG De-wen,ZHANG Pei-zhen,WAN Jin-lin,et al.2003.Late Cenozoic deformation subsequence in northeastern margin of Tibet: Detrital AFT records from Linxia Basin ［J］.Science in China(Ser D),33(B04): 190—198(in Chinese).
郑德文,张培震,万景林,等.2005.六盘山盆地热历史的裂变径迹证据［J］.地球物理学报,48(1): 157—164.
ZHENG De-wen,ZHANG Pei-zhen,WAN Jin-lin,et al.2005.Apatite fission track evidence for the thermal history of the Liupanshan Basin ［J］.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,48(1): 157—164(in Chinese).
Burchfiel B C,Deng Q D,Molnar P, et al. 1989. Intracrustal detachment within zones of continental deformation ［J］.Geology,17(8): 748—752.
Burchfiel B C,Zhang P,Wang Y,et al.1991.Geology of the Haiyuan Fault zone,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,and its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau ［J］.Tectonics,10(6): 1091—1110.
Fang X,Garzione C,Van der Voo R,et al.2003.Flexural subsidence by 29Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin,China ［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,210: 545—560.
Fang X,Yan M,Van der Voo R,et al.2005.Late Cenozoic deformation and uplift of the NE Tibetan plateau: Evidence from high-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Guide Basin,Qinghai Province,China ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,117(9-10): 1208—1225.
Fang X,Zhang W,Meng Q,et al.2007.High-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Neogene Huaitoutala section in the eastern Qaidam Basin on the NE Tibetan plateau,Qinghai Province,China and its implication on tectonic uplift of the NE Tibetan plateau ［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,258: 293—306.
Lease R O,Burbank D W,Gehrels G E,et al.2007.Signatures of mountain building: Detrital zircon U/Pb ages from northeastern Tibet ［J］.Geology,35(3): 239—242.
Lease R O,Burbank D W,Hough B,et al.2012.Pulsed Miocene range growth in northeastern Tibet: Insights from Xunhua Basin magnetostratigraphy and provenance ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,124: 657—677.
Li C,Zhang P Z,Yin J,et al.2009.Late Quaternary left-lateral slip rate of the Haiyuan Fault,northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau ［J］.Tectonics,28(TC5010): 1—26.
Métivier F,Gaudemer Y,Tapponnier P,et al.1998.Northeastward growth of the Tibet Plateau deduced from balanced reconstruction of two depositional areas: The Qaidam and Hexi Corridor Basins,China ［J］.Tectonics,17: 823—842.
Meyer B,Tapponnier P,Bourjot L,et al.1998.Crustal thickening in Gansu-Qinghai,lithospheric mantle subduction,and oblique,strike-slip controlled growth of the Tibet Plateau ［J］.Geophysical Journal International,135: 1—47.
Molnar P.2005.Mio-Pliocene growth of the Tibetan plateau and evolution of East Asian climate ［J］.Palaeontologia Electronica,8: 1—23.
Molnar P,Boos W R,Battisti D S.2010.Orographic controls on climate and paleoclimate of Asia: Thermal and mechanical roles for the Tibetan plateau ［J］.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,38: 77—102.
Tapponnier P,Xu Z Q,Roger F,et al.2001.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau ［J］.Science,294(5547): 1671—1677.
Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Freymueller J F,et al.2001.Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements ［J］.Science,294: 574—577.
Wang W,Kirby E,Zhang P,et al.2013.Tertiary basin evolution along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau: Evidence for basin formation during Oligocene transtension ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,142: 1113—1137.
Wang W T,Zhang P Z,Kirby E,et al.2011.A revised chronology for Tertiary sedimentation in the Sikouzi Basin: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the northeastern corner of the Tibetan plateau ［J］.Tectonophysics,505: 100—114.
Zhang J,Cunningham D,Chen H Y,et al.2010.Sedimentary characteristics of Cenozoic strata in central-southern Ningxia,NW China: Implications for the evolution of the NE Qinghai-Tibetan plateau ［J］.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,39: 740—749.
Zhang P Z,Burchfiel B C,Molnar P,et al.1990.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Ningxia-Hui Autonomous Region,China ［J］.Geological Society of America Bulletin,102: 1484—1498.
Zhang P Z,Burchfel B C,Molnar P, et al. 1991. Amount and style of late Cenozoic deformation in the Liupan Shan area,Ningxia Autonomous Region,China ［J］.Tectonics,10(6): 1111—1129.
Zhang P Z,Molnar P,Burchfiel B C,et al.1988.Bounds on the Holocene slip rate along the Haiyuan Fault,north-central China ［J］.Quaternary Research,30: 151—164.
Zhang P Z,Molnar P,Xu X.2007.Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh Fault,northern margin of the Tibetan plateau ［J］.Tectonics,26(TC5010): 1—24.
Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.2004.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan plateau from global positioning system data ［J］.Geology,32(9): 809—812.
Zheng D,Zhang P,Wan J L,et al.2006.Rapid exhumation at～8Ma on the Liupan Shan thrust fault from apatite fission-track thermochronology: Implications for growth of the northeastern Tibetan plateau margin ［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,248: 198—208.

[1]	HUANG Ting, WU Fang, XIA Cai-xiang, LI Zhen-hong, DONG Xiao-peng, WU Zhong-hai, KOU Lin-lin. CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLOCENE CATASTROPIC EVENT LAYERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH REGIONAL EARTHQUAKES IN THE SOUTHERN QINGSHUIHE BASIN, NINGXIA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(4): 1036-1057.
[2]	LIU Rui-chun, ZHANG Jin, GUO Wen-feng, CHEN Hui, ZHENG Ya-di, CHENG Cheng. STUDY ON THE RECENT DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTIC AND STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION MODEL OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(3): 540-558.
[3]	HA Guang-hao, REN Zhi-kun, LIU Jin-rui, LI Zhi-min, LI Zheng-fang, MIN Wei, ZHOU Ben-gang. NEW DISCOVERY OF XIARIHA FAULT ZONE AROUND DULAN AREA, QINGHAI PROVINCE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2021, 43(3): 614-629.
[4]	LEI Qi-yun, ZHANG Pei-zhen, ZHENG Wen-jun, DU Peng, WANG Wei-tao, YU Jing-xing, XIE Xiao-feng. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR DEXTRAL STRIKE SLIP OF THE HELAN SHAN WEST-PIEDMONT FAULT AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(6): 1297-1315.
[5]	LIU Rui, LI An, ZHANG Shi-min, CHEN Zhi-dan, GUO Chang-hui. THE LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION REVEALED BY THE TERRACES ON THE BAIYANG RIVER IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(6): 1237-1255.
[6]	HE Fu-bing, BAI Ling-yan, WANG Ji-ming, LIU Yu, CAI Xiang-min, SUN Yong-hua, ZHANG Lei, FANG Tong-ming, GUO Gao-xuan. DEEP STRUCTURE AND QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF THE XIADIAN FAULT ZONE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2013, 35(3): 490-505.
[7]	DONG Shao-peng, HAN Zhu-jun, YIN Jin-hui, LI Feng, AN Yan-fen. A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE LATEST TECTONIC DEFORMATION STYLE AND THE ACTIVITY AGE OF THE DAYI FAULT IN THE PIEDMONT OF THE LONGMEN MOUNTAINS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2008, 30(4): 996-1003.
[8]	ZHENG Wen-jun, WANG Wei-tao, LI Chuan-you, WEI Zhan-yu, GAO Xiang. THE DEFORMATION OF THE XIONGPO ANTICLINE AND THE ACTIVITY OF PUJIANG-XINJIN FAULT [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2008, 30(4): 957-967.
[9]	ZHENG Wen-jun, LI Chuan-you, WANG Wei-tao, YIN Jin-hui, WEI Zhan-yu. TRENCH LOGS OF EARTHQUAKE SCARP OF THE M_S8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN THE SEGMENT NORTH OF BEICHUAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2008, 30(3): 697-709.
[10]	CHEN Chang-Yun, HE Hong-Lin. CRUST SHORTENING OF DALIANGSHAN TECTONIC ZONE IN CENOZOIC ERA AND ITS IMPLICATION [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2008, 30(2): 443-453.
[11]	YUAN Dao-yang, WANG Lan-min, HE Wen-gui, LIU Bai-chi, GE Wei-peng, LIU Xing-wang, LIANG Ming-jian, ZHENG Wen-jun. NEW PROGRESS OF SEISMIC ACTIVE FAULT PROSPECTING IN LANZHOU CITY [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2008, 30(1): 236-249.
[12]	XIANG Hong-fa, GUO Shun-min, ZHANG Wan-xia, HAN Zhu-jun, ZHANG Bing-liang, WAN Jing-lin, DONG Xing-quan, CHEN Li-chun. QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON THE LARGE SCALE DEXTRAL STRIKE-SLIP OFFSET IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE RED RIVER FAULT SINCE MIOCENE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2007, 29(1): 34-50.
[13]	Wang Shengzu, Li Jianguo, Zhang Zongchun. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF PLASTIC-FLOW WAVES IN THE LITHOSPHERE(Ⅱ) [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND EGOLOGY, 2001, 23(3): 419-431.
[14]	Jiang Zaisen, Ma Zongjin, Zhang Xi, Chen Bing, Hu Yaxuan, Wang Shuangxu, Chen Wensheng. ANALYSIS OF RECENT HORIZONTAL CRUSTAL STRAIN FIELD AND TECTONIC DEFORMATION IN THE NORTHEAST MARGIN OF QINGHAI-TIBET BLOCK [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2001, 23(3): 337-346.
[15]	Wang Zongxiu, Tang Zhemin, Yang Zhongzhu, Yang Xiaobo. DUCTILE TECTONIC DEFORMATION OF MESOZOIC TIME IN THE DALIAN AREA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2000, 22(4): 379-386.