Earthquake is one of the most destructive natural disasters, it can not only cause heavy casualties and economic losses, but also may even lead to serious secondary disasters. As the main bearing body in earthquake, buildings often suffer serious damage, so they can be used as an important reference for post-earthquake disaster loss assessment. Timely and accurate acquisition of regional earthquake damage information after an earthquake is of great significance for scientific and effective emergency rescue and disaster loss assessment. At present, the main methods for earthquake damage identification can be roughly divided into two categories: 1) Manual visual interpretation investigation method. It takes a lot of time for manual field investigation or manual identification of earthquake damage images to process a large amount of seismic damage information in a short period of time, and it is likely to lead to inconsistent discrimination standards for seismic damage of buildings. 2)Image recognition method based on satellite image or UAV image. The recognition method based on satellite remote sensing image after the quake identifies earthquake damage by the texture, brightness and other characteristics of the image of the seriously collapsed buildings, thus, it can quickly get the seismic damage situation in a large area, but as results of offset, low resolution and poor timeliness of the satellite image, it is hard to identify the slightly overlaying and cracking of tiles on the roof of buildings. The combination of high-resolution image obtained by UAV and machine learning algorithm can not only reduce the labor input, but also bring a high accuracy rate. Therefore, based on ant colony algorithm(ACO)and high-resolution remote sensing image of UAV, this paper proposes a new method to efficiently identify the earthquake damage of buildings in the study area, which was applied and verified in the recent Yangbi M6.4 earthquake in Yunnan Province. By improving the update strategy of pheromone concentration in ant colony algorithm and introducing the optimization operator, the better identification rules are established, and the speed and accuracy of earthquake damage identification are enhanced. The UAV high-resolution image of Yangbi county seat was obtained the first time after the Yangbi, Yunnan Province, M6.4 earthquake took place, and taking the image as experimental data, the extraction effect of regional earthquake damage is verified, and compared with ant colony algorithm and maximum likelihood method. The results show that the proposed earthquake damage identification method based on improved ant colony algorithm and UAV high-resolution image can effectively improve the identification accuracy and efficiency of damaged buildings in the region, which is of great significance for post-earthquake emergency rescue and providing accurate disaster information.

By taking Deyang prefecture-level city,Sichuan Province,one of the worst affected area of the 12th May,2008,M_S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake as the case study area,some general features of the earthquake disaster cognition and responses of the social public in this large earthquake-hit area were analyzed preliminarily through questionnaire survey and field interview methods.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The comprehensive level and capability of cognizing on earthquake disasters and responding to the actual earthquake event of the social public in the studied area is not ideal.2)From the adolescent to the elderly,their levels and capabilities in different cognition and response aspects all increase gradually first and then decrease step by step.The population with highest levels and capabilities are those whose ages are from 19 to 25 years old,while the poorest are those juvenile and aged people.In addition,the earthquake disaster cognition levels of part of those middle-aged people are also obviously not as good as expected.3)People's education degrees have significant positive correlations with people's cognition and response levels or capacities.4)The levels and capabilities of the female are inferior to,even significantly inferier to that of the male.5)People's earthquake disaster knowledge and people's earthquake disaster-coping skills both influence deeply how these people respond to an actual earthquake event.Especially,the impact from the latter is much stronger.That is,the people who have some higher cognition degrees usually have more active and reasonable response attitudes and behaviors,and vice versa.6)The official mass media,including radio,television and newspapers,especially those after M_S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and the aimed propaganda of local government and other relevant institutions constitute together the two main channels for the local people to obtain earthquake disaster knowledge and to learn earthquake disaster-coping skills.While,the school formal education did not get any advantages as expected.Another point worthy of being emphasized is that,among these knowledge and skills possessed by the people of the studied area in the time of two months after the M_S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,a considerable large quantity was obtained right after this large earthquake.These people's earthquake disaster cognition degree before this large earthquake is obviously rather difficult to let us to be optimistic.Based on these conclusions,some suggestions on strengthening the earthquake disaster-reduction education for the studied area were put forward.

The M_S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12^th May 2008 caused heavy casualties and economic loss.According to the field investigations,the characteristics can be included as follows:The meizoseismal region with an intensity of XI,showing obviously zonal distribution,suffers serious destruction from the earthquake,and the destruction perpendicular to the rupture decreases sharply.At the same time,the intensity X and IX degree regions perpendicular to the rupture are narrow and therefore their coverage area is small.The intensity on both sides of the rupture attenuates rapidly,but the Ⅶ degree region and the VI degree region are wide,the latter region covering about 240,000 square kilometers.In the VI degree region,the damage area perpendicular to the rupture in the southern part is much larger than that of the northern part.Besides,many new understandings about the destruction types and destructive modes of all kinds of buildings,landform and terrain are gained in this paper.