Abstract: With the development and breakthrough of a series of techniques such as the fault surface morphology measurement, the geochemical element determination and Quaternary dating methods, it becomes possible to study paleo-earthquake using information recorded by the bedrock fault surface. At present, more and more scholars domestic and overseas have carried out a large number of paleo-earthquake studies on bedrock fault surfaces in different professional perspectives and have achieved a series of innovative results. This paper systematically introduces the development history, the current situation and the basic principles and applications of paleo-earthquake study on bedrock fault surface. Moreover, after the thorough discussion of the existing problems in paleo-earthquake research of bedrock fault surface, some suggestions for optimizing the current work are proposed. Finally, on the basis of comparison of the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various research methods, the prospects and development trends of the bedrock fault paleo-earthquake study are predicted. Lots of weaknesses and limitations in the current study are pointed out in this paper:Firstly, for the method of faullt surface morphology measurement, different morphological expression parameters exist nowadays, however, their advantages and disadvantages are unknown. Secondly, the TCNs method still has a large uncertainty in the age determination of the paleo-earthquake, and the mature cosmogenic nuclides dating methods is too few to meet the dating requirements of different lithologic fault surfaces. Besides, a reliable relationship between relative dating parameters such as morphologicl and physicochemical characteristics and the absolute dating method such as TCNs are not closely established to build a reliable chronology framework. The last but not the least, the lack of mechanical research on the physical and chemical biological processes that the bedrock fault surface experienced before and after the faulting and exposure, and insufficient multi-method comprehensive comparison are also the obstacles for the paleo-earthquake study on bedrock fault surface. It is suggested that in the future study of paleo-earthquakes on bedrock fault surfaces, more attention should be paid to the following aspects:Firstly, strengthen the evaluation of the reliability, applicability and accuracy of the parameters of each morphological model in time and improve the mathematical model of current dating techniques, optimize the mechanism of cosmogenic nuclide production, and introduce new high-precision dating technology timely; Secondly, strive to establish a reliable age framework between relative dating index(X)and absolute dating age(T)regionally; In addition, the morphological structure and mineral compositions of bedrock fault surface are analyzed proactively on the microscopic scale, and the mechanical study is conducted on a series of physical, chemical and biological processes that the fault surface experienced before and after the exposure. At last, comprehensive and comparative research need to be conducted by the multi-disciplinary and multi-method approaches. In conclusion, the paleo-earthquake study on the bedrock fault surface is going through the processes from the qualitative description to the quantitative expression, from the single-disciplinary method to the multi-disciplinary integration, from the exploration of a certain technical index to the comprehensive application of multi-source data technology. The combination of relative dating indicators(X)and absolute dating(T), and putting more emphasis on the mechanical study on the microscopic scale are the development trends of paleo-earthquake study on the bedrock fault surface. The close combination of the paleo-earthquake study of the bedrock fault surface with the traditional method of trenching conducted in the Quaternary sediment region is considered to help more effectively reconstruct a more complete paleo-earthquake sequence and the faulting history on the active fault zone, thus a more reasonable evaluation of the regional seismic hazard can be obtained.

Key words: bedrock fault surface, paleo-earthquake study, history and current situation, problems and suggestions, development trend

摘要： 随着断层面形貌测量、地球化学元素测定和第四纪定年方法等技术的发展与突破，利用基岩断层面记录的信息研究古地震成为可能的技术方法之一。国内外学者从不同专业角度开展了大量基岩断层面的古地震研究，取得了一系列创新性成果。文中对基岩断层面古地震研究的结果进行了总结和梳理，系统地介绍了基岩断层面古地震研究方法的发展历史、基本原理和应用实例，并对比了各种方法的优劣与局限，指出了目前研究存在形貌表达参数繁多且优劣不明、宇生核素法限定古地震年代的不确定性较大、定年方法种类较少难以满足不同岩性断层面的测年需求、形貌与物化特征等参数未与绝对定年方法紧密联系并建立可靠的年龄标尺、缺乏断层面暴露前后经历的物理化学生物过程的机理性研究以及单一方法研究居多而多方法综合比对不够等一系列问题。建议在今后的基岩断层面古地震研究工作中应当加强对各形貌学模型参数值的可靠性、适用性及精度的总结评估；改进当前测年技术的数学模型，优化核素产生机制和产率模型，并及时引入新兴的高精度测年技术；适时地构建区域内相对定年指标（X）与绝对定年年龄（T）的关系模型，建立年代标尺；积极开展基岩断层面样品的形貌结构和矿物成分分析等微观尺度的研究，加强对断层面所经历的一系列物理、化学和生物过程的机理性研究以及多学科、多方法综合对比性研究。总之，从定性描述到定量表达、从单一学科方法到多学科交叉融合、从某一技术指标探索到多源数据技术综合运用，注重相对定年指标（X）与绝对定年年龄（T）的结合、注重显微尺度的机理性研究，是基岩断层面古地震研究方法的发展趋势。将基岩断层面的古地震研究与松散沉积物区的探槽技术紧密结合，将更为有效地恢复活断层带上更加完整的古地震序列和强震活动历史，从而对区域地震危险性给出更为合理的评价。

关键词: 基岩断层面, 古地震研究, 历史与现状, 问题与建议, 发展趋势