Abstract: Once an earthquake occurs,the rapid and reliable evaluation of earthquake damages will be of great importance to the mitigation of earthquake hazards and the reconstruction of the disaster area. In recent years,a lot of work has been done in the development of GIS-based systems for improving and accelerating the evaluation of earthquake damage,but such systems were mostly developed for the urban region in developed countries. Therefore,we developed an “Earthquake Damage Evaluation and Damage Data Management System (EDMS)” for the rural regions in the southwestern China on the guidance of the “Working Regulation and Technical Guideline for Earthquake Field Investigation” issued by China Earthquake Administration in 1998. This system provides elementarily visualized tools for evaluating earthquake damage and managing damage data. The mapping and interpolation functions of GIS developed in the EDMS system have also facilitated the analyses of earthquake damage and seismic intensity as they are more accurate than the previous ones. The analysis of Lijiang earthquake of 1996 by using this system has revealed that the seismic intensity of this event does not decrease simply with the increase of distance to the epicenter,but displays a complex distribution pattern. This complexity can be attributed to the thick alluvium in the basins and the structure of fault systems in the region. Although it is an incomplete system just suitable for rural regions in southwestern China,the EDMS system is expected to be applicable to the evaluation of earthquake damage in broad rural regions of China,and it may be helpful to raising the ability of earthquake damage mitigation in China.

Key words: Earthquake Damage Evaluation and Damage Data Management System (EDMS), Lijiang earthquake of 1996, China, developing country, GIS

摘要： 地震一旦发生,给出一个快速而合理的震害评估,对于减轻地震灾害和灾区重建具有极其重要的意义。最近几年,大量的研究工作试图在GIS平台上建立一个这样的系统以改善和加快震害评估的速度,有的已经得到了实际应用。然而,几乎所有这些研究和开发都是基于城市地区,特别是发达国家的城市地区。而对于发展中国家的乡村地区,由于不具备象发达城市地区那样的基础数据和基础设施,很难把适用于发达的城市地区的类似系统移植过来。此外,尽管同样强度的地震在发达的城市地区造成的损失远大于发展中国家的乡村地区,但地震灾害在乡村地区所造成的损失恢复起来要比在发达的城市地区困难得多。所以,有必要在GIS平台上建立一个适用于乡村地区,特别是发展中国家乡村地区的灾害评估和灾害数据管理系统。本研究的目的就是在GIS平台上建立一个适用于中国西南偏远乡村地区的地震灾害评估和灾害数据管理系统(EDMS)。建立本系统的依据是中国地震局1988年编的《地震现场工作大纲和技术指南》中的“现场地震灾害损失评估方法”。本系统由1)震后快速评估与2)震害数据管理和综合评估2部分组成。选择的范例研究区为丽江地区,使用的基础数据包括云南省特别是丽江专署和丽江县的家庭和人口分布、各乡镇的GDP等社会和经济统计数据;1996年丽江地震的震害数据,包括建筑物的破坏状况、地震烈度、不同烈度区内的人均经济损失和人员伤亡等。该系统为我们提供了基本的可视化震害评估和震害数据管理工具,在该系统中开发的GIS地图制作和插值功能还为我们提供了比以往更细致的震害分析功能。应用上述功能分析1996年丽江地震时,发现地震烈度的衰减分布极其复杂,并不是简单地随与震中之间的距离增大而减小。从其空间分布与地质构造背景来看,这种复杂性可以用盆地中堆积物的厚度和断层的分布来解释。尽管这是一个仅适用于中国西南偏远乡村地区的并不完善的系统,我们还是希望它能对提高中国偏远乡村地区的抗震救灾能力有所帮助,对中国的同类研究有一定的参考作用。

关键词: 地震灾害评估和灾害数据管理系统(EDMS), 1996年丽江地震, 发展中国家, 地理信息系统(GIS)