PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS Rn AND CO2 DEGASSING IN THE MAIN FAULT ZONES OF XIONG'AN NEW AREA

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the analysis and processing of field mobile observation data, soil gas Rn and CO₂ degassing characteristics in the main fault zones of Xiong'an New Area(XNA)and its effects on the regional environment was preliminarily studied. Repeated observations of soil gas concentrations and fluxes in 2020 and 2021 for the seven measurement lines on the buried faults show that strong degassing characteristics exist in the main fault zones of XNA.
The range of variation of the mean soil gas Rn fluxes for each profile is from 71.44 to 335.35mBq/m²·s, and the range of variation of the mean CO₂ fluxes is from 25.96 to 78.23g/m²·d; the range of variation of the mean Rn concentration intensity is from 0.91 to 2.30, and the range of variation of the mean CO₂ concentration intensity is from 1.13 to 2.61, which are comparable to the degassing intensity of soil gas in other typical fault and earthquake zones in the world. Except for the flux of Rn in the Niudong branch fault 1 and CO₂ in the Niudong branch fault 2, the average values of Rn and CO₂ fluxes in 2021 are higher than those in 2020.The maximum variation of soil gas Rn flux is 116%in the Niudong Fault, and the maximum variation of CO₂ flux is 370%in the Niudong Fault; the variation of soil gas Rn concentration intensity is 119%in the Niudong Fault, but there is no significant variation of concentration intensity in other faults in both periods.
The observation and analysis found that the areas of high soil gas concentration anomalies on the three seismic profiles in XNA are highly coincident with the distribution of deep faults, showing a concentrated degassing phenomenon along the fault zones. The AA' seismic profile on the west side exposes three hidden fractures, which are the Taihangshan Fault, Rongcheng Fault, and one unnamed fault on the west side. The AA' soil gas Rn and CO₂ concentration profiles, corresponding to the location of the upward trend line of the Rongcheng Fault and the unnamed fault on the west side, show the characteristics of simultaneous single-peak type high-value anomalies of Rn and CO₂ concentrations. This phenomenon may indicate that the Rongcheng Fault and the unnamed fault on the west side are still highly active.
The BB' soil gas profile shows two areas of high soil gas concentrations respectively in the east and west. The western high value area shows synchronous peak anomalies of Rn and CO₂ concentrations, and the location of the anomalies is basically consistent with the upward extension direction of the Xushui-Dacheng Fault. In the east, only single-peak anomalies in CO₂ concentration are observed, and the magnitude of the anomalies is more significant than that in the western section, but there is no corresponding fault. Therefore, the synchronous peak anomalies of Rn and CO₂ concentrations in the western section should be related to the fault activity of Xushui-Dacheng Fault, while the single-peak anomalies of CO₂ concentrations in the eastern section may be non-tectonic.
The CC' seismic profile contains the Taihangshan Fault, Niudong Fault, Niudong branch fault 1, Niudong branch fault 2, and several secondary faults. The peak anomalies of soil gas Rn concentration in the soil gas profile are detected at different degrees and near the locations corresponding to the upward extension trend lines of Niudong Fault, Niudong branch fault 1, and Niudong branch fault 2. All three peak anomalies of soil gas Rn concentration may be related to the activities of Niudong Fault, Niudong branch fault 1, and Niudong branch fault 2. However, the single-peak CO₂ concentration anomaly is detected only above the Bazhou Depression, and the anomalous area basically overlaps with the area where the Bazhou Depression is located. The Bazhou Depression is one of the main areas of concentrated population in XNA, and the biological activity is relatively strong. According to the results of the existing study that soil gas CO₂ generated by biological activities may also be the main recharge source of CO₂ gas released from fault zones in the basin, the large-scale CO₂ concentration anomalies detected above the Bazhou Depression may also be generated by biological activities in the basin.
The results show that strong degassing characteristics exist in the main fault zones of XNA. The environmental effects of gas release from the main fault zones in XNA are evaluated by combining with the comprehensive prevention and control standards for indoor gas environmental pollution. The highest value of radon gas release in the main fault zone of XNA reaches 675mBq/m²·s in the Rongcheng Fault, and 395.70mBq/m²·s and 334.84mBq/m²·s in the Nudong branch faults respectively, the results indicate that it is necessary to carry out comprehensive radon prevention treatment for the buildings above the Rongcheng fault and Nudong fault zone. The preliminary estimation results of CO₂ release show that the daily contribution of CO₂ degassing from the main fault zones of XNA to the atmosphere is about 1 622.56t, and the annual contribution is as high as 0.59×10⁶t. Attention should be given to its impact on the regional environment.
The research results in this paper are significant for urban planning, environmental management and comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of gas release from the fault zone in XNA.

Key words: Xiong'an New Area, soil gas flux, Rn, CO₂, concentration, Rongcheng Fault, Nudong Fault

摘要：

文中基于对野外流动观测数据的分析处理, 初步研究了雄安新区主要断裂带土壤气体的Rn与CO₂脱气特征及其对区域环境的影响。经观测分析发现, 新区3条地震剖面上方的土壤气体浓度高值异常区域与深部断裂的分布高度吻合, 展现出沿断裂带集中脱气的现象。受局部生物活动影响, 个别断裂区段土壤气体Rn和CO₂可能存在不同的补给来源, 导致个别区段的Rn和CO₂浓度高值异常区域不一致, 以及Rn和CO₂浓度与通量测值之间较弱的相关性。计算结果显示, 新区主要断裂带存在强脱气特征, 各剖面土壤气体Rn通量平均值的变化范围为71.44~335.35mBq/m²·s, CO₂通量平均值的变化范围为25.96~78.23g/m²·d; Rn浓度强度平均值的变化范围为0.91~2.30, CO₂浓度强度平均值的变化范围为1.13~2.61, 与国内外其他典型断裂带及地震带的土壤气体脱气强度相当。结合室内气体环境污染综合防治标准对雄安新区主要断裂带释放气体的环境效应进行评估, 结果表明, 新区容城断裂的氡气释放最高值达675mBq/m²·s, 牛东断裂2条分支的最高值分别达395.70mBq/m²·s和334.84mBq/m²·s, 有必要对建在容城断裂和牛东断裂带上方的建筑物进行综合防氡处理。CO₂释放量的初步估算结果表明, 新区主要断裂带的CO₂脱气对大气的日贡献量约为1 622.56t, 年贡献量高达0.59×10⁶t, 其对区域环境的影响应予以重视。文中的研究成果对于新区城市规划、环境治理及断裂带释放气体环境影响的综合评估具有重要的科学意义。

关键词: 雄安新区, 土壤气体通量, Rn, CO₂, 浓度, 容城断裂, 牛东断裂

WANG Jiang, CHEN Zhi, ZHANG Fan, ZHANG Zhi-xiang, ZHANG Su-xin. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS Rn AND CO₂ DEGASSING IN THE MAIN FAULT ZONES OF XIONG'AN NEW AREA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(3): 735-752.

王江, 陈志, 张帆, 张志相, 张素欣. 雄安新区主要断裂带土壤气体的Rn与CO₂脱气特征[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 735-752.

Figures/Tables 13

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断裂	测线	年份	Rn/mBq·m^-2·s^-1		CO₂/g·m^-2·d^-1
			最大值	均值	最大值	均值
F₁	1	2020	132.65	99.05	13.97	13.88
	1	2021	87.15	43.82	44.61	42.97
	2	2020	42.10	38.55	59.97	40.65
	2	2021	258.00	253.27	88.53	85.04
F₃	3	2020	82.96	82.96	30.65	29.76
	3	2021	334.84	195.50	41.00	29.14
	4	2020	268.96	156.42	101.61	79.62
	4	2021	129.03	105.07	46.56	35.02
F₂	5	2020	351.38	177.97	19.31	14.66
	5	2021	169.60	100.85	41.33	37.25
	6	2020	395.70	395.70	74.22	55.40
	6	2021	59.04	49.82	44.38	42.18
F₄	7	2020	342.26	237.40	62.82	42.34
	7	2021	675.06	433.30	131.16	114.12

断裂	测线	年份	Rn/mBq·m^-2·s^-1		CO₂/g·m^-2·d^-1
			最大值	均值	最大值	均值
F₁	1	2020	132.65	99.05	13.97	13.88
	1	2021	87.15	43.82	44.61	42.97
	2	2020	42.10	38.55	59.97	40.65
	2	2021	258.00	253.27	88.53	85.04
F₃	3	2020	82.96	82.96	30.65	29.76
	3	2021	334.84	195.50	41.00	29.14
	4	2020	268.96	156.42	101.61	79.62
	4	2021	129.03	105.07	46.56	35.02
F₂	5	2020	351.38	177.97	19.31	14.66
	5	2021	169.60	100.85	41.33	37.25
	6	2020	395.70	395.70	74.22	55.40
	6	2021	59.04	49.82	44.38	42.18
F₄	7	2020	342.26	237.40	62.82	42.34
	7	2021	675.06	433.30	131.16	114.12

断裂	Rn/mBq·m^-2·s^-1			CO₂/g·m^-2·d^-1
	2020年均值	2021年均值	2期均值	2020年均值	2021年均值	2期均值
F₁	68.80	148.54	108.67	27.26	128.01	77.64
F₂	286.84	75.34	181.09	35.03	39.72	37.38
F₃	119.69	150.28	134.99	54.69	32.68	43.69
F₄	237.40	433.30	335.35	42.34	114.12	78.23

断裂	Rn/mBq·m^-2·s^-1			CO₂/g·m^-2·d^-1
	2020年均值	2021年均值	2期均值	2020年均值	2021年均值	2期均值
F₁	68.80	148.54	108.67	27.26	128.01	77.64
F₂	286.84	75.34	181.09	35.03	39.72	37.38
F₃	119.69	150.28	134.99	54.69	32.68	43.69
F₄	237.40	433.30	335.35	42.34	114.12	78.23

土壤气体	断裂	测线	年份	平均值	最大值	异常界	异常均值	背景值	浓度强度
Rn/kBq·m^-3	F₁	1	2020	7.97	15.33	12.86	14.57	19.87	0.73
		1	2021	11.71	24.50	19.34	21.95	19.87	1.10
		2	2020	11.45	23.67	18.62	23.67	19.87	1.19
		2	2021	30.89	61.57	51.27	61.53	19.87	3.10
	F₃	3	2020	14.89	35.50	25.34	35.50	19.87	1.79
		3	2021	15.63	36.59	26.54	32.21	19.87	1.62
		4	2020	36.85	52.09	50.46	52.09	19.87	2.62
		4	2021	29.07	39.91	36.55	33.14	19.87	1.67
	F₂	5	2020	21.98	40.02	32.63	36.51	19.87	1.84
		5	2021	26.22	4.76	35.43	30.98	19.87	1.56
		6	2020	26.50	45.80	40.73	44.70	19.87	2.25
		6	2021	19.38	46.76	31.52	46.76	19.87	2.35
	F₄	7	2020	13.68	49.74	28.55	39.22	19.87	1.97
		7	2021	11.94	43.32	24.73	41.20	19.87	2.07
CO₂/%	F₁	1	2020	0.72	1.16	0.96	1.07	1.14	0.94
		1	2021	0.81	1.70	1.27	1.50	1.14	1.32
		2	2020	0.74	1.63	1.28	1.57	1.14	1.37
		2	2021	0.93	1.90	1.35	1.90	1.14	1.67
	F₃	3	2020	1.39	3.95	2.39	3.36	1.14	2.94
		3	2021	1.16	3.20	1.96	2.60	1.14	2.28
		4	2020	1.58	2.32	2.12	2.27	1.14	1.99
		4	2021	0.88	1.11	1.04	1.11	1.14	0.97
	F₂	5	2020	1.48	2.45	2.31	2.42	1.14	2.12
		5	2021	2.21	3.56	2.83	1.71	1.14	1.50
		6	2020	1.50	2.31	2.14	2.24	1.14	1.96
		6	2021	1.17	2.46	1.66	2.46	1.14	2.16
	F₄	7	2020	0.70	1.94	1.24	1.70	1.14	1.49
		7	2021	0.64	1.39	0.99	1.17	1.14	1.03

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL GAS Rn AND CO₂ DEGASSING IN THE MAIN FAULT ZONES OF XIONG'AN NEW AREA

雄安新区主要断裂带土壤气体的Rn与CO₂脱气特征

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断裂	CO₂平均通量/g·m^-2·d^-1	断裂长度/km	破碎带宽度/m	面积/m²	日贡献量/t	年贡献量/t
F₁	77.64	59	200	1.18×10⁷	916.15	0.33×10⁶
F₂	37.38	27	125	3.37×10⁶	125.81	0.05×10⁶
F₃	43.39	17	150	2.56×10⁶	111.22	0.04×10⁶
F₄	78.23	30	200	6.00×10⁶	469.38	0.17×10⁶

断裂	CO₂平均通量/g·m^-2·d^-1	断裂长度/km	破碎带宽度/m	面积/m²	日贡献量/t	年贡献量/t
F₁	77.64	59	200	1.18×10⁷	916.15	0.33×10⁶
F₂	37.38	27	125	3.37×10⁶	125.81	0.05×10⁶
F₃	43.39	17	150	2.56×10⁶	111.22	0.04×10⁶
F₄	78.23	30	200	6.00×10⁶	469.38	0.17×10⁶

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