帕米尔高原东北部地震活动及构造应力场特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.02.20250047

地震地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 577-596.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.02.20250047

帕米尔高原东北部地震活动及构造应力场特征

崔华伟¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵⁾(), 尹昕忠¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾^,^*(), 陈九辉¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, 郭飚¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, 李涛¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, 姚远¹^,⁴^,⁶^,⁷⁾, 李世莹²^,³^,⁵⁾, 贾震²^,³^,⁵⁾

¹⁾ 地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室, 中国地震局地质研究所, 北京 100029
²⁾ 山东省地震局, 济南 250102
³⁾ 河北省地震动力学重点实验室, 三河 065201
⁴⁾ 西藏拉萨地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100029
⁵⁾ 山东郯城巨震区低速率挤压逆冲构造野外科学观测研究站, 济南 250102
⁶⁾ 新疆帕米尔陆内俯冲国家野外科学观测研究站, 乌鲁木齐 830000
⁷⁾ 新疆维吾尔自治区地震局, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2025-02-08 修回日期:2025-03-11 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-07
通讯作者: * 尹昕忠, 男, 1983年生, 副研究员, 主要从事宽频带地震学研究, E-mail: yinxinzhong@ies.ac.cn。
作者简介:
崔华伟, 男, 1990年生, 现为中国地震局地质研究所固体地球物理学专业在读博士研究生, 主要从事双差定位、震源机制和应力场等方面研究, E-mail: cuihuawei19900920@163.com。
基金资助:
新疆-中亚陆内俯冲带大震震源识别与危险性分析(2022YFC3003700); 喜马拉雅东构造结震源机制及应力场研究(NORSLS23-02)

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMICITY AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF THE PAMIR PLATEAU

CUI Hua-wei¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵⁾(), YIN Xin-zhong¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾^,^*(), CHEN Jiu-hui¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, GUO Biao¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, LI Tao¹^,⁴^,⁶⁾, YAO Yuan¹^,⁴^,⁶^,⁷⁾, LI Shi-ying²^,³^,⁵⁾, JIA Zhen²^,³^,⁵⁾

¹⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
²⁾ Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250102, China
³⁾ Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Sanhe 065201, China
⁴⁾ Lhasa National Geophysical Observation and Research Station, Beijing 100029, China
⁵⁾ Shandong Tancheng Low-rate Transpressional Tectonics Observation and Research Station, Jinan 250102, China
⁶⁾ Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduction National Observation and Research Station, Urumqi 830000, China
⁷⁾ Xinjiang Earthquake Agency, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2025-02-08 Revised:2025-03-11 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

帕米尔高原东北部地区构造变形复杂、地震活动强烈, 分析其地震分布特点和构造应力场特征, 有助于探讨该区域复杂多变的构造变形特征及其孕震环境。文中基于中国地震台网中心地震观测报告和从多方面搜集得到的震源机制数据, 运用HYPODD方法和SATSI方法分别进行了地震重定位和构造应力场反演, 获得了研究区内整体地震活动和构造应力场分布特征: 1)研究区内震源深度分布与地壳厚度呈正相关。2)齐姆根弧形构造带、费尔干纳和皮羌断裂两侧的震源深度存在明显差异, 表明这些构造可能为重要构造分界线。3)1902年阿图什 M_W7.7 地震周边地壳应力释放充分, 导致天山山脉和塔西南坳陷交界地区小地震分布稀疏。4)受印度板块自南向北的推挤作用影响, 帕米尔高原、天山山脉和塔里木盆地均呈现近SN向的低倾角挤压应力场。5)研究区内的构造应力场呈现出明显的构造差异性, 主要体现在: 帕米尔高原为走滑应力机制, 显示其呈EW向扩张, 而天山山脉呈逆冲应力机制并不断隆升。帕米尔高原及其与天山山脉碰撞带两侧最优主张应力轴倾伏角和R值差异较大。6)塔西南坳陷和巴楚隆起区的走滑和逆冲应力机制不同, 且二者密度和速度差异较大, 揭示出塔里木盆地内部结构复杂的特点。

关键词: 帕米尔高原东北部, 地震重定位, 震源机制, 构造应力场, 构造差异

Abstract:

The northeastern region of the Pamir Plateau marks the convergence of the Pamir Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, and the Tarim Basin. This area is associated with high levels of seismic activity and has experienced significant casualties due to several major earthquakes. In this study, earthquakes are relocated using the double-difference relocation algorithm, based on seismic observation reports from the China Earthquake Networks Centre(CENC)covering the period from 2008 to 2023. A total of 916 earthquake focal mechanisms were collected from various institutions and studies, including the GCMT, WWSSN, previous research, and the Xinjiang Earthquake Agency. The magnitudes of these events range from M2.8 to M8.2, and the time span extends from 1902 to 2024. The tectonic stress field was inverted using a spatial-temporal stress inversion algorithm with a 1.0°×1.0° grid, based on these historical focal mechanisms.
The relocated earthquakes are distributed along major tectonic zones situated between the Pamir Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, and the Tarim Basin, forming several seismic clusters within the study area. Most events have focal depths of less than 30km. Seven cross-sectional profiles were selected to analyze the spatial distribution of seismicity. The regional tectonic stress field is primarily dominated by strike-slip and reverse faulting regimes. The maximum principal stress axes are compressional in a nearly horizontal south-north(S-N)direction, while the minimum principal stress axes are extensional in the east-west(E-W)direction, with either horizontal or vertical plunges. Based on the spatial distribution of seismicity and tectonic features, the study area is divided into several subregions: the central Pamir Plateau and its eastern and western flanks; the collision zone between the Pamir Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains and its surrounding areas; the Tianshan Mountains; and the interior of the Tarim Basin.
Preliminary results of earthquake relocation show that focal depths in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the Qimugen Arc Tectonic Belt are deeper than those within the belt. This is attributed to the subduction of the eastern and northeastern Pamir beneath the Tarim Basin toward the east and northeast. Accordingly, the Moho depth is also greater in these regions. These observations suggest that the Qimugen Arc Tectonic Belt represents a key tectonic boundary, with both the Moho and earthquake depths shallower within the belt than in its southeastern and northwestern margins. Focal depths along the southern margin of the Tianshan Mountains are deeper than those in the adjacent Tarim Basin, which is consistent with a deeper Moho in the former. Similarly, both the Moho and earthquake depths within the Ferghana fault and Piqiang fault zones are greater than those outside these faults along the southern margin of the Tianshan Mountains, indicating that these faults serve as significant tectonic boundaries. An area of sparse seismicity overlaps with the source region of the 1902 Atushi(Kashgar)M_W7.7 earthquake, suggesting that accumulated crustal stress was likely fully released by this event. Seismicity in the Tarim Basin primarily consists of aftershock sequences from the 1996-1999 earthquake clusters and the 2003 Bachu-Jiashi M_S6.8 earthquake. The main contributing factors to seismicity in the Tarim Basin are thought to be its low seismic wave velocity, low crustal density, and brittle crustal properties.
The initial results of the tectonic stress inversion indicate that the central Pamir Plateau is undergoing east-west lateral extension under a strike-slip stress regime, driven by compression from the Indian Plate to the south and obstruction from the Tianshan Mountains to the north. A normal faulting regime in the central grid of the Pamir Plateau is interpreted as a center of expansion or gravitational collapse. The tectonic stress field exhibits significant variation across the flanks of the Pamir Plateau. The R-value, stress regime, and plunge of the maximum principal extension axes show gradual and, in some areas, abrupt changes from the central region to the western and eastern margins, as well as in the collision zones between the Pamir Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains. The Tianshan Mountains continue to uplift due to near S-N compression, displaying a dominant reverse faulting regime. In the Bachu uplift and depression region in the southwestern Tarim Basin, the stress field is characterized by both reverse and strike-slip regimes, likely resulting from differences in crustal velocity, density, and structural composition.

Key words: Northeastern region of the Pamir Plateau, earthquake relocation, focal mechanism, tectonic stress field, structure difference

崔华伟, 尹昕忠, 陈九辉, 郭飚, 李涛, 姚远, 李世莹, 贾震. 帕米尔高原东北部地震活动及构造应力场特征[J]. 地震地质, 2025, 47(2): 577-596.

CUI Hua-wei, YIN Xin-zhong, CHEN Jiu-hui, GUO Biao, LI Tao, YAO Yuan, LI Shi-ying, JIA Zhen. CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMICITY AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF THE PAMIR PLATEAU[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(2): 577-596.

图/表 9

图 1 帕米尔高原东北部地区构造背景红色和灰色圆点分别表示M≥7和M<7的地震; 蓝色箭头表示来源于文献(Wang et al., 2020)的GPS数据; 黑色实线表示断裂; 蓝色三角形表示双差重定位使用的台站

Fig. 1 The tectonic background in the northeastern region of the Pamir Plateau.

图 2 地震重定位使用的速度模型红色和蓝色实线分别表示双差重定位使用的P和S波一维速度

Fig. 2 The velocity model used in earthquake relocation.

图 3 帕米尔高原及其周缘地震的震源机制不同颜色表示不同类型的震源机制, 震源机制类型按照Zoback(1992)准则分类

Fig. 3 The focal mechanisms in the Pamir Plateau and its adjacent area.

图 4 构造应力场反演的折中曲线和最优阻尼因子

Fig. 4 Trade-off curve and the best damping factor by tectonic stress field inversion.

图 5 重定位后地震分布不同颜色的圆圈表示不同深度的地震; 蓝色实线表示剖面位置; 黑色实线表示断裂; 绿色沙滩球和浅蓝色实线表示1902年阿图什(喀什葛尔)MW7.7地震的震源机制和最大烈度等值线(Kulikova et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2022); 紫色虚线为地震稀疏区

Fig. 5 The distribution of the relocated earthquakes.

图 6 重定位前、后震源深度沿经度分布图 a、 b 重定位前、后震源深度沿经度的投影

Fig. 6 The distribution of the source depth before and after relocation along the longitude.

图 7 帕米尔高原东北部地震剖面图不同颜色的圆圈表示不同深度的地震; 红色、绿色和蓝色实线分别表示拟合的震源深度趋势; 紫色实线表示构造分界线; 黑色虚线表示推断断裂。EPTB 帕米尔东缘与塔里木盆地接壤带; NEPTB 帕米尔东北缘与塔里木盆地接壤带; NPTMB 帕米尔北缘与天山山脉接壤带

Fig. 7 The profiles of the earthquakes in the northeastern region of the Pamir Plateau.

图 8 帕米尔高原及其周缘构造应力场不同颜色的轴表示不同类型的应力机制类型; 箭头方向表示应力轴方位; 轴的长度表示应力轴的倾伏角

Fig. 8 The tectonic stress field in the Pamir Plateau and its adjacent area.

图 9 帕米尔高原及其周缘构造应力辐射花样应力辐射花样的红色和蓝色部分分别表示压缩区和拉张区

Fig. 9 The tectonic stress radiation pattern in the Pamir Plateau and its adjacent area.

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帕米尔高原东北部地震活动及构造应力场特征

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMICITY AND TECTONIC STRESS FIELD IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF THE PAMIR PLATEAU

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