Abstract:

There are many first-order intersecting tectonic units and different strike faults developed widely in Henan Province, and many historical earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above occurred, which have brought great losses to people’s lives and property. In order to effectively reduce the risk of earthquake disaster in Henan Province and understand the deep seismogenic environment, we have carried out a systematic study on the deep structural characteristics of these active faults. Firstly, based on the high-precision Bouguer gravity anomaly data of Henan Province and its adjacent areas, we obtained the characteristics of gravity anomaly fields at different spatial scales in the study area by using the multi-scale wavelet analysis method. Then the detailed characteristics of different orders wavelets of Bouguer gravity anomaly field in the study area and its relationship with regional structure were analyzed. We found that within 14km of the crust, the regional tectonic activity has an obvious control effect on the trend of gravity anomaly zone. The trend of gravity anomaly zones is obviously different in different tectonic units in the study area. In the north of Henan, the trend of gravity anomaly zones is NE, which is consistent with the regional tectonic trend. The horizontal density difference is obvious. In the south of North China depression and Qinling-Dabie uplift area, the trend of gravity anomaly zones is NW, NWW and EW. In the differential uplift area of western Henan, the trend of gravity anomaly zones is NE. At the 27km depth of the crust, most gravity anomalies are in a clumpy shape, and the consistency between the trend of the gravity anomaly and the regional structure decreases, indicating the differences in regional tectonic stress effect and formation process at different depths of the crust. For example, under the northward compression from Qinling-Dabie uplift, the crust structure in the south of North China depression is different, and the difference gradually decreases from shallow to deep. At the same time, with the increasing of depth, the boundary between Qinling-Dabie uplift and southern North China depression moves to the Pingdingshan and Luohe. Our results show that the regional deep faults have an obvious control over the distribution of gravity anomalies, and the linear transition zone of gravity anomalies often corresponds to the deep faults. In order to obtain the distribution characteristics of active faults in Henan Province and adjacent areas, we analyzed the wavelet multi-scale decomposition of Bouguer gravity anomaly and identified 38 faults. Based on the seismic and geological results, we interpreted the 38 faults, including10 shallow faults in the upper crust with a depth of less than 8km, 15 faults at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth of 12~14km and 13 faults in the lower crust with a depth of 27km. In the study area, the deep faults control the boundary of the first-order tectonic units, such as Liaocheng-Lankao Fault, Tangxi Fault, Xinxiang-Shangqiu Fault, etc., and many moderately strong earthquakes occurred in these faults in history. At last, we analyzed the deep tectonic environment of historical earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above in Henan Province. The results show that the historical earthquakes with magnitude 6 in Xuchang locate near the boundary zone of second-order tectonic units. Other historical earthquakes with M6.0 locate below the secondary uplift or depression controlled by deep and large faults in the crust, such as Puyang earthquake which locates in the Dongpu depression. It can be concluded that the intersections of gravity anomalies zones with different trends, the deep seated fault-controlled intra-crust low gravity anomaly areas, and the intersections of deep seated fault with different strikes are the deep tectonic background and favorable locations for generating earthquakes with magnitude 6 and above in Henan Province. The results of analysis of the characteristics of major deep active faults in Henan Province expanded our understanding of the tectonic environment of the study area and provided a geophysical basis for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in Henan Province in the future.

Key words: active faults, Bouguer gravity anomaly, multi-scale wavelet analysis, earthquake of magnitude 6 or above

摘要：

文中基于河南省及其邻区的高精度布格重力异常数据, 采用小波多尺度分析方法获得了研究区不同空间尺度的重力异常场特征。在此基础上分析了研究区布格重力异常场不同阶次的小波细节特征及其与区域构造之间的关系, 分析认为: 1)在地壳14km以浅, 区域构造活动对重力异常等值线走向具有明显的控制作用, 豫北地区以NE向重力异常条带为主, 与区域构造走向一致, 且横向密度差异明显, 南华北坳陷区和秦岭-大别隆起区以NW、 NWW、 EW向重力异常为主, 豫西差异隆起区以NE向重力异常为主。2)在下地壳27km深度处, 以团状重力异常为主, 重力异常的走向与区域构造的一致性减小, 反映了地壳不同深度的区域构造应力作用及形成过程存在差异。尤其是在南华北坳陷区, 地壳在不同深度受到的来自秦岭-大别隆起的N向挤压作用存在差异, 由浅到深逐渐减小, 随着深度的增加, 秦岭-大别隆起与南华北坳陷的深部接触边界向S移动至平顶山、 漯河一线附近。3)区域深大断裂对重力异常的展布有明显的控制作用, 重力异常线性过渡带往往与深大断裂相对应。同时, 文中基于研究区的布格重力异常场小波多尺度分析结果, 结合区域已有的地震地质资料, 对河南省及其邻区48条主要活动断裂进行了识别, 共解译出38条断裂, 其中上地壳浅部断裂有10条, 断裂深度在8km以内; 上地壳底部断裂有15条, 断裂深度为12~14km; 下地壳断裂有13条, 断裂深度达27km。河南省内控制一级构造单元边界的深大断裂活动性较强, 如聊兰断裂、 汤西断裂、 新乡-商丘断裂等, 且历史上曾发生过中强地震。河南省6级以上历史地震的深部构造环境分析结果表明: 除许昌2个6级以上地震的震中位于2级构造单元边界带附近外, 其余地震均位于地壳内由深大断裂控制的次级隆起或凹陷下方, 不同走向的重力异常交会区、 受深大断裂控制的壳内低重力异常区、 不同走向的深大断裂交会区是6级以上地震发生的深部构造背景, 是发生强震的有利部位。

关键词: 活动断裂, 布格重力异常, 小波多尺度分析, 6级以上地震