A WEB-BASED PROTOTYPE SYSTEM FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FAULT MODELS OF THE CHINA SEISMIC EXPERIMENTAL SITE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

The data of active fault structure and three-dimensional(3D)fault models is essential for seismic risk analysis. With more and more requirement for complex 3D fault models, the demand for data sharing and related research increases dramatically. A web-based display system for three-dimensional fault models would improve data sharing and user experience. Moreover, constructing such a web-based system is also an important issue for data sharing.

The 3D active fault models are built in a data modeling platform, while the web display system is constructed by the geographic information system(GIS)platform. Because the data structure, type, and content between data modeling and GIS platforms are different, the following questions are critical, for example, how to migrate 3D model data from the modeling platform to the GIS platform?and can the migrated data present the right attributions?In this paper we used the Web AppBuilder of ArcGIS 10.6 Enterprise Edition to build a Web prototype system to display 3D fault models of the China Earthquake Science Experimental Field(Sichuan-Yunnan region). The system implemented the basic functions of a 3D Web application and successfully tested the 3D scene display scheme, user interaction mode, and data migration scheme.

The prototype system adopted a local scene, which can easily switch between the above-ground and underground viewing angles of the scene. The scene included 2D fault surface traces, 3D fault models, and earthquakes with or without focal depth. After data fusion, the 3D fault models were classified and displayed with active age, having a good visual fusion effect with 2D fault data. Earthquakes with or without focal depth were displayed in different colors. The earthquakes without focal depth were uniformly displayed at 17km depth according to the average focal depth of the earthquakes with focal depth. So the earthquakes without focal depth can be highly consistent with other elements in the 3D scene.

The user interface interaction mode in the 3D scene of the prototype system was consistent with the common interaction mode of 2D map applications in the following aspects: 1)map browsing; 2)Navigation menu; 3)Geographical inquiry; and 4)Functional interactive tools. The system interface was simple, clear, logical, and unified. Users were easily acquainted with the three-dimensional scene interface according to the two-dimensional map interaction experience. It conformed to the user interface interaction principles of simple, consistent, predictable, and easy feedback.

The prototype system had the basic functions of 3D scene browsing, zooming in and out, 3D object attribute viewing, geographic query, base map switching, layer control, legend, and distance measurement. However, the prototype system needed further development and more complex functions such as data attribute table browsing, space selection, and space query.

This paper presented a data migration scheme from the modeling platform to the GIS platform. The data migration of this scheme can be divided into four steps: data format conversion, coordinate system conversion, 2D and 3D attribute information mapping, and 3D data attribute table construction. After transforming the data format and coordination system from the modeling platform to the GIS platform, 2D and 3D data fusion should be carried out to make 3D data and 2D data have the same attribution. The format conversion and coordinate system conversion steps can be automatically completed in batches. Otherwise, mapping the 2D and 3D attribute information and building the 3D data attribute table need manual handling.

In summary, this paper presents a data migration scheme from the modeling platform to the GIS platform. Practice in reality shows that only after conversing data format and coordination system from the modeling platform, the 2D and 3D data fusion steps are caplable of ensuring a better visual integration of them. The Web-based prototype system of displaying 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site implements the basic functions of 3D scene application and tests the fused 2D and 3D data visualization. It is friendly and open to users, with a great demonstration significance.

Key words: active fault, China Seismic Experimental Site, three-dimensional fault model, web-based, prototype, geographic information system

摘要：

活动断层的三维结构和模型是地震危险性研究的基础参数和重要数据。随着对接近真实形态的活动断层三维模型的应用需求不断增加, 对这类模型数据的共享及研究的需求也日益增加。数据共享课题的一个重要议题是如何构建基于Web的三维断层模型展示平台, 提高数据共享水平和用户体验。中国地震科学实验场(川滇地区)三维断层模型Web展示原型系统^①（① http://data.activetectonics.cn/arcportal/apps/webappviewer3d/index.html?id=754abeff247c4b3194ebd9bf3bd17f47。）是基于ArcGIS 10.6企业版的Web AppBuilder工具构建的一个实验性系统。该系统实现了基于Web GIS的三维展示系统的基本功能, 并成功测试了更适用于地震行业标准的用户交互方式、基本功能、场景数据迁移方案和三维场景设计方案。场景数据从三维断层建模平台到GIS平台的迁移, 是实现基于Web GIS三维展示系统的基础。场景中展示的三维数据采用与二维数据标准一致且视觉上融合度高的可视化方案。实践结果表明, 三维数据从建模平台迁出后, 应结合数据可视化方案, 在属性层面上与二维数据相融合, 以保证二维和三维数据在视觉上较好地融合。

关键词: 活动断层, 中国地震科学实验场, 三维断层模型, Web, 原型系统, 地理信息系统

WU Xi-yan, LU Ren-qi, ZHANG Jin-yu, SUN Xiao, XU Fang, CHEN Gui-hua. A WEB-BASED PROTOTYPE SYSTEM FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FAULT MODELS OF THE CHINA SEISMIC EXPERIMENTAL SITE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(1): 35-47.

吴熙彦, 鲁人齐, 张金玉, 孙晓, 徐芳, 陈桂华. 中国地震科学实验场三维断层模型Web展示原型系统[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(1): 35-47.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 The perspective view of 3-D fault models version 2.0+ of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces(V︰H=2︰1).

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of strong earthquakes in study region.

Fig. 3 Comparison diagram of before and after data migration.

Fig. 4 Scene comparison before and after data fusion.

Fig. 5 The architecture diagram of a web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

Fig. 6 The downward view from the sky of the web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

Fig. 7 The upward view from the ground of the web-based prototype system for the 3D fault models of the China Seismic Experimental Site.

References 25

[1]	陈桂华, 徐锡伟, 于贵华, 等. 2009. 2008年汶川 M_S8.0 地震多断裂破裂的近地表同震滑移及滑移分解[J]. 地球物理学报, 52(5): 1384—1394.
	CHEN Gui-hua, XU Xi-wei, YU Gui-hua, et al. 2009. Co-seismic slip and slip partitioning of multi-faults during the M_S8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 52(5): 1384—1394 (in Chinese).
[2]	邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等. 2003. 中国活动构造与地震活动[J]. 地学前缘, 10(S1): 66—73.
	DENG Qi-dong, ZHANG Pei-zhen, RAN Yong-kang, et al. 2003. Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 10(S1): 66—73 (in Chinese).
[3]	国家地震局. 1995. 中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[Z]. 北京: 地震出版社.
	State Seismological Bureau. 1995. The Historical Strong Earthquakes in China(23^rd Century BC— 1911 AD)[Z]. Seismological Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
[4]	何付兵, 白凌燕, 王继明, 等. 2013. 夏垫断裂带深部构造特征与第四纪活动性讨论[J]. 地震地质, 35(3): 490—505. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.004.
	HE Fu-bing, BAI Ling-yan, WANG Ji-ming, et al. 2013. Deep structure and Quaternary activities of the Xiadian fault zone[J]. Seismology and Geology, 35(3): 490—505 (in Chinese). DOI
[5]	徐锡伟. 2009. 5·12汶川8.0级地震地表破裂图集[CM]. 北京: 地震出版社.
	XU Xi-wei. 2009. Album of 5.12 Wenchuan M_S8.0 Earthquake Surface Ruptures, China[CM]. Seismological Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
[6]	徐锡伟, 韩竹军, 杨晓平, 等. 2016. 中国及邻近地区地震构造图[CM]. 北京: 地震出版社.
	XU Xi-wei, HAN Zhu-jun, YANG Xiao-ping, et al. 2016. Seismotectonic Map in China and Its Adjacent Regions[CM]. Seismological Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
[7]	徐锡伟, 计凤桔, 于贵华, 等. 2000. 用钻孔地层剖面记录恢复古地震序列: 河北夏垫断裂古地震研究[J]. 地震地质, 22(1): 9—19.
	XU Xi-wei, JI Feng-ju, YU Gui-hua, et al. 2000. Reconstruction of paleoearthquake sequence using stratigraphic records from drill logs: A study at the Xiadian Fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 22(1): 9—19 (in Chinese).
[8]	徐锡伟, 江国焰, 于贵华, 等. 2014. 鲁甸6.5级地震发震断层判定及其构造属性讨论[J]. 地球物理学报, 57(9): 3060—3068. DOI
	XU Xi-wei, JIANG Guo-yan, YU Gui-hua, et al. 2014. Discussion on seismogenic fault of the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake and its tectonic attribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 57(9): 3060—3068 (in Chinese).
[9]	徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 叶建青, 等. 2008. 汶川 M_S8.0 地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J]. 地震地质, 30(3): 597—629.
	XU Xi-wei, WEN Xue-ze, YE Jian-qing, et al. 2008. The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(3): 597—629 (in Chinese).
[10]	许冲, 徐锡伟, 沈玲玲, 等. 2014. 2014年鲁甸 M_S6.5 地震触发滑坡编录及其对一些地震参数的指示[J]. 地震地质, 36(4): 1186—1203. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.04.020.
	XU Chong, XU Xi-wei, SHEN Ling-ling, et al. 2014. Inventory of landslides triggered by the 2014 M_S6.5 Ludian earthquake and its implications on several earthquake parameters[J]. Seismology and Geology, 36(4): 1186—1203 (in Chinese).
[11]	张国民, 汪素云, 李丽, 等. 2002. 中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义[J]. 科学通报, 47(9): 663—668.
	ZHANG Guo-min, WANG Su-yun, LI Li, et al. 2002. The focal depth of earthquakes occurred in China Mainland and its tectonic implication[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 47(9): 663—668 (in Chinese).
[12]	张培震, 邓起东, 张竹琪, 等. 2013. 中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 43(10): 1607—1620.
	ZHANG Pei-zhen, DENG Qi-dong, ZHANG Zhu-qi, et al. 2013. Active faults, earthquake hazards and associated geodynamic processes in continental China[J]. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 43(10): 1607—1620 (in Chinese). DOI URL
[13]	中国地震局监测预报司. 2023. 中国 5 级以上地震目录汇编(1900年1月1日—2022年12月31日)[R]. 北京: 中国地震局监测预报司.
	Earthquake Monitoring and Forecasting Department, China Earthquake Administration. 2023. A Compilation of Earthquakes with M≥5.0(Jan, 1, 1900—Dec, 31, 2022)[R]. Earthquake Monitoring and Forecasting Department, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing (in Chinese).
[14]	中国地震局震害防御司. 1999. 中国近代地震目录(公元1912—1990年, M_S≥4.7)[Z]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社.
	Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department, China Earthquake Administration. 1999. The Modern Historical Earthquakes in China(1912—1990, M_S≥4.7)[Z]. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
[15]	Klinger Y, Choi J H, Vallage A. 2017. fault zone Dynamic Processes: Evolution of Fault Properties during Seismic Rupture: Fault Branching and Long-term Earthquake Rupture Scenario for Strike-slip Earthquakes[M]. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[16]	Li K, Xu X, Wei L, et al. 2019. Evidence of long recurrence times and low slip rate along the 1668 Tancheng earthquake fault[J]. China Science Bulletin, 64(11): 1168—1178. DOI URL
[17]	Li X R, Gao K, Feng Y, et al. 2022. 3D geomechanical modeling of the Xianshuihe fault zone, SE Tibetan plateau: Implications for seismic hazard assessment[J]. Tectonophysics, 839(20): 229546. DOI URL
[18]	Lu R, Liu Y, Xu X, et al. 2019. Three-dimensional model of the lithospheric structure under the eastern Tibetan plateau: Implications for the active tectonics and seismic hazards[J]. Tectonics, 38(4): 1292—1307. DOI URL
[19]	Mildon Z K, Roberts G P, Faure Walker J P, et al. 2019. Coulomb pre-stress and fault bends are ignored yet vital factors for earthquake triggering and hazard[J]. Nature Communications, 10(1): 2744. DOI PMID
[20]	Ren J, Xu X, Zhang G, et al. 2022. Coseismic surface ruptures, slip distribution, and 3D seismogenic fault for the 2021 M_W7.3 Maduo earthquake, central Tibetan plateau, and its tectonic implications[J]. Tectonophysics, 827(20): 229275. DOI URL
[21]	Ross Z E, Cochran E S, Trugman D T, et al. 2020. 3D fault architecture controls the dynamism of earthquake swarms[J]. Science, 368(6497): 1357—1361. DOI PMID
[22]	Shu P, Fang L, Zheng Y, et al. 2016. Geological evidence and characteristics of activity of the Wuhe-Mingguang section of Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in Late Pleistocene[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 30(4): 485—499.
[23]	Shu P, Min W, Liu Y, et al. 2020. Late Quaternary paleoseismology and faulting behavior of the Yilan-Yitong fault zone and implications for seismic hazards of the Tanlu fault zone, eastern China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 201(1): 1—18.
[24]	Xu X, Wen X, Yu G, et al. 2009. Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 M_W7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China[J]. Geology, 37(6): 515—518. DOI URL
[25]	Xu Z, Ji S, Li H, et al. 2008. Uplift of the Longmenshan range and the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Episodes Journal of International Geoscience. 31(3): 291—301.