长白山天文峰剖面全新世火山喷发物长石风化溶蚀特征及地质意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了长白山天池火山天文峰剖面全新世喷发物中长石表面风化溶蚀显微形貌和化学组成,结果显示: 天文峰剖面从顶部黑色浮岩向下到暗灰色浮岩中,长石表面发育风化溶蚀不同的显微形貌结构。其特征有,风化初期的溶蚀作用主要在双晶缝、解理缝等结构薄弱部位,形成规模较小的溶孔和溶缝等,随着风化溶蚀程度的增加,已经形成的溶蚀痕迹进一步扩大、合并、相互贯通而形成矩形溶孔或棱柱状溶孔。长石晶体上溶蚀痕迹的扩大受长石晶体各向异性的控制。天文峰剖面火山喷发物时代越早,长石颗粒表面风化溶蚀程度越强,结构越复杂; 火山喷发物时代越晚,长石颗粒表面风化溶蚀程度越弱,结构越简单。即长石表面风化溶蚀程度与火山喷发的时代具有一定的相关性。根据长石颗粒表面的显微形貌结构,认为漫江林场浮岩与天文峰剖面中灰色浮岩应是火山同一次喷发的产物。长石表面风化溶蚀度可以作为判定火山喷发精细序列的一个代用指标。能谱分析显示,较新鲜的长石表面与风化溶蚀的长石化学组成不同。长石风化溶蚀的显微形貌和化学组成反映了它是天然风化、溶解、淋滤,最后又有物质沉淀的自然成因。Fe元素则可能与微生物作用有关。详细研究长石表面的风化溶蚀特征,它将有可能成为从岩石微观方面探讨火山喷发后环境变化和火山喷发期次的一种新方法。

关键词: 长白山火山, 长石, 扫描电镜, 风化溶蚀, 显微形貌

Abstract:

We use SEM and EDX to study the micro structures and chemical compositions of feldspar surface weathering dissolution in Holocene volcanic eruptive material at the Tianwen peak,Tianchi,Changbaishan.The result shows that there are varied micro structures formed by weathering dissolution on feldspar surface in the pumice which is black on the top and turns dark-grey downward on the cross section at the Tianwen peak.Their structural features are described as follows.At the early weathering stages,small-sized solution openings and fissures were produced by dissolution at weak structures such as twin crystal and joint fissures.With increase of weathering dissolution,these dissolution products on the surface of feldspar became larger and emerged,controlled by the anisotropy of the feldspar crystals.For the earlier eruptive material(at lower level of strata),the dissolution degree is stronger and the structure is more complex.On the contrary,for the later eruptive material(upper level of strata),the dissolution is weaker and structure is simpler.It implies that the degree of weathering dissolution on the feldspar surface is correlated with ages of volcanic eruptions.Observations on the microstructure of feldspar surface suggest that the pumice at the Manjiang tree farm and the grey pumice at the Tianwen peak cross section are the product of the same one volcanic eruption.And the weathering dissolution degree of feldspar surface can be used as an indicator to determine the sequence of volcanic eruptions.Energy spectral analysis indicates that the fresh feldspar and that suffered from weathering dissolution have different chemical compositions.The microstructure and chemical composition of the feldspar that had experienced weathering dissolution resulted from a natural process of weathering,solution,leaching and precipitation.The element Fe in it is probably related with function of microorganism.The detailed analysis of weathering dissolution of feldspar surface can help study environmental change after volcanic eruptions and extimate their time sequence.

Key words: Changbaishan volcano, feldspar, SEM, weathering dissolution, microtexture

中图分类号:

P317.3

张秉良, 许建东, 史兰斌, 盘晓东. 长白山天文峰剖面全新世火山喷发物长石风化溶蚀特征及地质意义[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(1): 15-25.

ZHANG Bing-liang, XU Jian-dong, SHI Lan-bin, PAN Xiao-dong. FEATURES OF FELDSPAR WEATHERING DISSOLUTION IN HOLOCENE VOLCANIC ERUPTIVE MATERIAL ON THE TIANWEN PEAK CROSS SECTION,TIANCHI, CHANGBAISHAN AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2011, 33(1): 15-25.

参考文献

胡瑞林,岳中琦,王立朝,等.2005.斜长石溶蚀度: 一种评价花岗质岩石风化度的新指标［J］.地质论评,51(6): 649-655.
HU Rui-lin,YUE Zhong-qi,WANG Li-chao,et al.2005.Application of plagioclase solution degree to evaluating the weathering degree of CDG of granites［J］.Geological Review,51(6): 649-655(in Chinese).
刘嘉麒.1995.中国火山活动及其潜在的危险性.见: 刘若新主编.火山活动与人类环境.北京: 地震出版社.182-190.
LIU Jia-qi.1995.Volcanism in China and its potential risk.In: LIU Ruo-xin(ed).Volcanism and Human Environment.Seismological Press,Beijing.182-190(in Chinese).
刘嘉麒.1999.中国火山［M］.北京: 科学出版社.
LIU Jia-qi.1999.Volcanoes in China［M］.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
刘若新.2000.中国的活火山［M］.北京: 地震出版社.
LIU Ruo-xin.2000.Active Volcanoes in China［M］.Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
刘祥,向天元.1997.中国东北地区新生代火山和火山碎屑堆积物资源与灾害［M］.长春: 吉林大学出版社.
LIU Xiang,XIANG Tian-yuan.1997.Cenozoic Volcanoes and Pyroclastic Deposits in Northeast China: Resourses and Hazards［M］.Publishing House of Jilin University,Changchun(in Chinese).
罗孝俊,杨卫东,李荣西,等.2001.pH 值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响［J］.矿物岩石地球化学通报,20(2): 103-107.
LUO Xiao-jun,YANG Wei-dong,LI Rong-xi,et al.2001.Effects of pH on the solubility of the feldspar and the development of secondary porosity［J］.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,20(2): 103-107(in Chinese).
马在平,李守军.1997.我国南方部分花岗岩风化壳中残留长石的表面结构［J］.石油大学学报,21(3): 7-11.
MA Zai-ping,LI Shou-jun.1997.Surface structure of residual feldspar in weathering granite shell in South China［J］.Journal of China University of Petroleum,21(3):7-11(in Chinese).
史基安,晋慧娟,薛莲花.1994.长石砂岩中长石溶解作用发育机理及其影响因素分析［J］.沉积学报,12(3): 67-75.
SHI Ji-an,JIN Hui-juan,XUE Lian-hua.1994.Analysis on mechanism of feldspar dissolution and its influencing factors in feldspar-rich sandstone reservoir［J］.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,12(3): 67-75(in Chinese).
肖奕,王汝成,陆现彩,等.2003.低温碱性溶液中微纹长石溶解性质研究［J］.矿物学报,23(4): 333-340.
XIAO Yi,WANG Ru-cheng,LU Xian-cai,et al.2003.Experimental study on the low-temperature dissolution of microperthite in alkaline solution［J］.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,23(4): 333-340(in Chinese).
张永旺,曾溅辉,郭建宇.2009.低温条件下长石溶解模拟实验研究［J］.地质论评,55(1): 134-142.
ZHANG Yong-wang,ZENG Jian-hui,GUO Jian-yu.2009.Simulated experimental study of feldspar dissolution in low temperature［J］.Geopogical Review,55(1): 134-142(in Chinese).
Althaus E,Tirtadinata E.1989.Dissolution of feldspar: The first step.In: Miles D L(ed).Proc.6th Int Symp W ater-Rock Interaction,Balkema.Rotterdam. 15-17.
Berner R A.1977.Mechanism of feldspar weathering: Some observational evidence［J］.Geology,5(6): 369-372.
Blake R E,Walter L M.1999.Kinetics of feldspar and quartz dissolution at 70～80℃ and near-neutral pH: Effects of organic acid and NaCl［J］.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,63(13-14): 2043-2059.
Blum A E,Lasaga A C.1991.The role of surface sepeciation in the dissolution of albite［J］.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,55: 2193-2201.
Brantely S L,Veibel M A.1993.Geochemical kinetics of mineral-water reactions in the field and the laboratory［J］.Chem Geol,105: 9.
Casey W H,Bunker B.1990.Leaching of minerals and glass surface during dissolution.In: Hochella and White(eds).Mineral-Water Interface Geochemistry,Reviews in Mineralogy,23: 397-426.Mineralogical Society of America.
Chen Y,Brantley S L.2000.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurement of the temperature dependence of leaching of cations from the albite surface［J］.Chemical Geology,163: 115-128.
Duhig N C,Davidson G J,Stalz J.1992.Microbial involvement in the formation of Cambrian seafloor silica-iron oxide deposits,Australia［J］.Geology,20: 511-514.
Emmanuelle S,Chardon.1998.Reactions of feldspar surface with aqueous solutions［J］.Chem Geol,151: 235-245.
Gout R,Oelkers E H,Schott J,et al.1997.The surface chemistry and structure of acid-leached albite: New insight on the dissolution mechanism of the alkali feldspars［J］.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,61: 3018-3031.
Hamilton J P,Pantang C G,Brantley S L.2000.Dissolution of albite glass and crystal［J］.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,64(15): 2603-2615.
Huang W L,Keller W D.1970.Dissolution of rock-forming silicate minerals in organic acids: Simulated first-stage weathering of fresh mineral surface［J］.Am Mineral,55: 2076-2094.
Kanaorie Y,Tanaka K,Miyakoshi K.1985.Further studies on the use of quartz grains from fault gouges to establish the age of faulting［J］.Engineering Geology,21(1-2): 175-251.
Kawano M,Tomita K.1997.Analytical electron microscopic study of the noncrystalline products formed at early weathering stages of volcanic glass［J］.Clay and Clay Mineral,45(3): 440-447.
Kawano M,Tomita K.2001.TEM-EDX study of weathered layers on the surface of volcanic glass,bytownite,and hypersthene in volcanic ash from Sakurajima volcano,Japan［J］.American Mineralogist,86: 284-292.
Oelkers E H,Schott J,Devidal J Ⅰ.1994.The effect of aluminum pH and chemical affinity on the rates of aluminosilicate dissolution reations［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,58: 2011-2024.
Wilson M J.1975.Chemical weathering of some primary rock-forming minerals［J］.Soil Science,119(5): 349-355.
Xaio Y,Lasaga A C.1994.Ab initio quantum mechanical studies of the kinetics and mechanisms of silicate dissolution: H⁺(H3O⁺)catalysis［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,58: 5379-5400.

[1]	徐博, 王萍, 王慧颖, 郭桥桥, 石灵璠, 石宇翔. 雅鲁藏布江中游全新世溃决洪水滞留沉积物粒度及微观结构特征分析[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(2): 305-320.
[2]	林旭, 刘海金, 刘静, 吴中海, 李兆宁, 陈济鑫, 李玲玲, 胡程伟. 黄河流域碎屑钾长石Pb同位素物源示踪[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(4): 944-960.
[3]	覃金堂, 陈杰, 李涛. 阿尔金断裂带中段现代沉积物样品钾长石红外激发后红外释光的残留信号——对年轻古地震事件测年的指示意义[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(4): 981-992.
[4]	党嘉祥, 周永胜. 花岗质岩石在脆塑性转化域的变形机制[J]. 地震地质, 2020, 42(1): 198-211.
[5]	张姝, 何昌荣. 高温高压下斜长石粉样粒间压溶过程的实验方法及初步结果[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(4): 1012-1026.
[6]	姚胜楠, 何昌荣. 斜长石在下地壳温度及较低有效压力条件下的摩擦滑动[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(2): 290-302.
[7]	杨晓芳, 于红梅, 赵波, 许建东, 高小其, 张涛. 新疆北天山泥火山固体喷出物特征及成因机制初探[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(1): 123-136.
[8]	万园, 许建东, 于红梅, 赵波, 潘波. 缅甸兰里岛泥火山灾害与成因机制探讨[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(2): 452-461.
[9]	万景林, 郑德文, 郑文俊, 王伟涛. MDD法和裂变径迹法相结合模拟样品的低温热历史——以柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾山中新生代构造演化为例[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(2): 369-382.
[10]	张秉良, 赵波, 于红梅, 许建东, 史兰斌, 郑勇刚, 盘晓东. 天池天文峰剖面全新世火山喷发物长石的结构特征及意义[J]. 地震地质, 2009, 31(4): 628-638.
[11]	罗丽, 何昌荣. 热水条件下斜长石和辉石断层泥的摩擦滑动研究[J]. 地震地质, 2009, 31(1): 84-96.
[12]	李霓, Nicole Métrich, 樊祺诚. 长白山天池火山全新世3期浮岩长石斑晶中熔体包裹体高温热台实验研究[J]. 地震地质, 2007, 29(3): 459-469.
[13]	张秉良, 洪汉净, 盘晓东. 长白山天池火山玻璃和长石微观特征研究[J]. 地震地质, 2006, 28(3): 351-357.
[14]	尹功明, 李盛华. 斜长石矿物热释光测年预加热处理的初步研究[J]. 地震地质, 2000, 22(3): 250-252.
[15]	周永胜, 何昌荣. 地壳岩石变形行为的转变及其温压条件[J]. 地震地质, 2000, 22(2): 167-178.