关键词: 地震应急灾情服务, 应急决策, 灾情上报, 灾情发布

Abstract:

The concept of earthquake emergency response was put forward in the 1960s and 1970s abroad,and was formally established in the early 1990s in China. Up to now,considerable progress has been made in earthquake emergency response in China,and at present,it faces a good chance of developing rapidly and catching up with the international advanced level.
Earthquake emergency response is a paramilitary action in which the key point is to make scientific and rational decisions and put them into action in the shortest possible time,which highlights the urgency and necessity of disaster information services.
Earthquake emergency disaster service is oriented to the decision-makers and their supporters,and also to the broad masses of the people of either affected or non-affected from all sectors of society,and even from abroad. Its contents include quick acquisition of disaster data,rapid extraction of disaster information,and disaster situation reporting and releasing and so on.
China's earthquake emergency disaster service is faced with urgent needs from various parties,yet it has a long distance to reach the advanced level abroad in terms of mechanisms and technical approaches,and cannot meet the needs of earthquake emergency response. The main reason is that the disaster service mechanism needs to be improved, including the overall flow of disaster service,the disaster reporting and decision-making supporting,and the classified and graded disaster releasing; the utilization rate of high- and new-technology in the disaster service,especially in the quick acquisition of disaster data is very low; the ability of rapid processing of data and information is relatively weak,and also the related basic research is lagging. To solve the problems,it is suggested to strengthen the construction and optimization of the overall framework of the earthquake emergency disaster service, and also to promote the integrated management of the central authority on it,to strengthen the integrated application of the high-and new-technology to the disaster service and to promote the research and development of new technologies and new equipment of emergency relief.

Key words: earthquake emergency disaster service, emergency decision-making, disaster reporting, disaster information release