利用接收函数频率特征研究青藏高原东北缘地区的莫霍面性质

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.05.013

地震地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1290-1312.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.05.013

利用接收函数频率特征研究青藏高原东北缘地区的莫霍面性质

宋婷¹⁾^,²⁾(), 沈旭章³⁾^,^*(), 梅秀苹²⁾^,⁴⁾, 焦煜媛²⁾^,⁴⁾, 李敏娟²⁾^,⁴⁾, 苏小芸²⁾^,⁴⁾, 季婉婧²⁾^,⁴⁾

1)中国地震局兰州岩土地震研究所, 兰州 730000
2)甘肃兰州地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站, 兰州 730000
3)中山大学地球科学与工程学院, 广州 510275
4)甘肃省地震局, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2021-07-12 修回日期:2022-02-22 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-11-28
通讯作者: 沈旭章
作者简介:
宋婷, 女, 1990年生, 2020年于中国地震局兰州地震研究所获固体地球物理学硕士学位, 工程师, 主要研究方向为地震学, E-mail: songtingseis@163.com。
基金资助:
甘肃省地震局(中国地震局兰州地震研究所)地震科技发展基金(2019Q06); 国家自然科学基金(41874052); 国家自然科学基金(41730212); 广东省防震减灾协同创新中心(2018B020207011); 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1500103); 广东省引进人才创业创新团队(2017ZT07Z066); 甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD4FA011)

CONSTRAINING MOHO CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN MARGIN OF TIBET PLATEAU WITH FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE OF RECEIVER FUNCTION

SONG Ting¹⁾^,²⁾(), SHEN Xu-zhang³⁾(), MEI Xiu-ping²⁾^,⁴⁾, JIAO Yu-yuan²⁾^,⁴⁾, LI Min-juan²⁾^,⁴⁾, SU Xiao-yun²⁾^,⁴⁾, JI Wan-jing²⁾^,⁴⁾

1) Lanzhou Institute of Geotechnique and Earthquake, China Earthquake Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China
2) Gansu Lanzhou Geophysics National Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730000, China
3) School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
4) Gansu Earthquake Agency, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2021-07-12 Revised:2022-02-22 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-11-28
Contact: SHEN Xu-zhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中基于青藏高原东北缘甘肃东南部地区70个高密度野外流动观测台阵记录的2a内的远震数据, 计算并分别分析单个台站以及沿剖面叠加的接收函数频率特征(高频接收函数莫霍面Ps转换波和多次波多峰值现象), 并通过观测和理论接收函数拟合构建了研究区下方莫霍面的S波速度结构。结果表明, 研究区内莫霍面相关的接收函数频率特征多样, 在绝大多数断裂带两侧具有明显不同的频率特征, 反映了研究区壳幔过渡带结构的复杂性和非均匀性。由构建的S波速度结构可知, 研究区域的莫霍面并非简单的一级速度界面, 而是波速随深度增加而增大的过渡带, 意味着研究区下方的地壳具有高黏滞性, 不利于下地壳物质的流动, 并可据此推断壳幔边界可能存在一些镁铁质物质。而该区域地壳与地幔之间这种复杂的过渡带特征可能是上地幔热物质上涌和底侵作用所致。

关键词: 接收函数, 频率特征, 青藏高原东北缘, 莫霍面

Abstract:

The northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau is the frontier area where the Tibet Plateau expands and grows towards the interior of the continent. This area is located at the junction of the Tibet Plateau, Ordos and South China blocks. It is also located in the north central section of the north-south seismic belt, the east-west boundary of the Chinese mainland. A variety of structural factors cause dramatic changes in the depth of Moho in the region, and the structural relationship is complex. Many large active faults such as the East Kunlun Fault, the northern margin fault of the West Qinling Mountains, and the Haiyuan-Qilian Mountains Fault have developed. Understanding how the plateau expands in the northeastern margin will help to reveal the mystery of the deformation mechanism of Tibet Plateau.
In order to better understand the coupling relationship of fault systems and regional tectonic evolution in the northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau, it’s necessary to explore its crust-mantle transition zone. The material and energy of crust and mantle are constantly differentiated and exchanged in Moho discontinuity, accompanied by a series of geological evolution. Therefore, detecting the thickness and complexity of the crust-mantle transition zone can provide major information for the material and energy exchange, rock phase transformation and component changes of the crust mantle, and help to further reveal the regional geodynamic process.
In this paper, the waveforms of earthquakes from November 1, 2009 to November 30, 2011 recorded by 70 high-density temporary seismic stations in southeastern Gansu Province in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau are used. Teleseismic waveform records with epicenter distance of 30°~90° and surface wave magnitude greater than or equal to 5.5 are selected. Using time-domain iterative deconvolution method, receiver functions of selected data are calculated. Then, by changing the value of Gaussian filter factor in deconvolution, we get receiver functions of different frequency. By analyzing each stations’ frequency-dependence of receiver functions, i.e. the multiple wave crests that occurred in the Moho Ps converted phase and its multiples when the frequency is high, and classifying and summarizing them, we got 5 types of frequency-dependence of receiver functions. Based on our previous numerical test results, we characterized the corresponding S-wave velocity structure in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the station by fitting the observation structure. In order to explore the characteristics of the lateral continuous change of the crustal structure under the observation array, we stacked the receiver functions along the profile according to the transmission conversion point. At the same time, in order to eliminate the time difference of seismic phase caused by different epicentral distance and focal depth, and highlight the Ps converted wave and its multiples respectively, we set the ray parameter to 0.065s/deg before stacking, and correct the receiver functions of three frequencies of different seismic phases respectively. Then, the frequency characteristics of the receiver function stacked along the profile are analyzed and the corresponding S-wave velocity structure of the Moho is obtained. The results show that the frequency-dependence of the Moho-related receiver functions in the study area is variable, particularly obviously different between the two sides of most fault zones, reflecting the complexity and non-uniformity of the structure of crust-mantle transition zone. The S-wave velocity we constructed is not a first-order discontinuity but gradually increasing with the increase of depth. It may indicate the high viscosity of the crust beneath the research area, which is not conducive to the flow of lower crustal material. Besides, it can be inferred that there may be some mafic material in the crust-mantle boundary. This complex transition zone between the crust and the mantle in this area can be considered as the effect of upwelling and underplating of hot materials in the upper mantle.

Key words: receiver function, frequency-dependence, northeastern margin of Tibet Plateau, Moho discontinuity

宋婷, 沈旭章, 梅秀苹, 焦煜媛, 李敏娟, 苏小芸, 季婉婧. 利用接收函数频率特征研究青藏高原东北缘地区的莫霍面性质[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(5): 1290-1312.

SONG Ting, SHEN Xu-zhang, MEI Xiu-ping, JIAO Yu-yuan, LI Min-juan, SU Xiao-yun, JI Wan-jing. CONSTRAINING MOHO CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN MARGIN OF TIBET PLATEAU WITH FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE OF RECEIVER FUNCTION[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2022, 44(5): 1290-1312.

图/表 18

图1 研究区的构造背景与地震活动性(1900年以来)

Fig. 1 Map of the tectonic features and seismicity of the study area(since 1900).

图2 过渡带形态莫霍面的形成示意图

Fig. 2 Sketch showing the forming of Moho transition zone.

图3 台阵与地震事件的震中分布 F1西秦岭北缘断裂; F2临潭-宕昌断裂; F3礼县-罗家堡断裂: F4光盖山-迭山断裂; F5迭部-白龙江断裂; F6成县盆地断裂; F7文县断裂; F8岷江断裂; F9平武-青川断裂; F10六盘山断裂; F11陇县-宝鸡断裂; F12马衔山-兴隆山断裂

Fig. 3 Map of the seismic arrays and epicenters.

图4 理论情况下不同莫霍面速度模型(左)的接收函数频率特征(右)

Fig. 4 Velocity model with different Moho transition(left panels)and corresponding synthetic frequency-dependence of receiver functions(right panels).

图5 S309台的高频接收函数频率特征(Ⅰ)

Fig. 5 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions for station S309.

图6 S609台的高频接收函数频率特征(Ⅱ1)

Fig. 6 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions for station S609.

图7 S422台的高频接收函数频率特征(Ⅱ2)

Fig. 7 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions for station S422.

图8 S318台的高频接收函数频率特征(Ⅱ3)

Fig. 8 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions for station S318.

图9 S108台的高频接收函数频率特征(Ⅱ4)

Fig. 9 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions for station S108.

图10 根据透射转换点沿剖面L3叠加的接收函数 a 未经震中距校正的接收函数叠加结果; b 对Ps震相进行震中距校正后的接收函数叠加结果;c 对PPs震相进行震中距校正后的接收函数叠加结果

Fig. 10 Stacked of receiver functions along profile L3 based on the location of piercing points.

图11 L1剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 11 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L1.

图12 L2剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 12 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L2.

图13 L3剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 13 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L3.

图14 L4剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 14 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L4.

图15 L5剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 15 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L5.

图16 L6剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 16 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L6.

图17 L7剖面的Ps与PPs接收函数频率特征

Fig. 17 Frequency-dependence of Ps and PPs receiver functions for profile L7.

图18 研究区接收函数的频率特征

Fig. 18 Frequency-dependence of receiver functions of the study area.

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利用接收函数频率特征研究青藏高原东北缘地区的莫霍面性质

CONSTRAINING MOHO CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN MARGIN OF TIBET PLATEAU WITH FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE OF RECEIVER FUNCTION

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