长周期地电场变化特征及机理——以都兰地震台为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.004

地震地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1092-1111.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.004

长周期地电场变化特征及机理——以都兰地震台为例

席继楼¹^,²⁾(), 赵家骝¹⁾, 高尚华¹^,²⁾, 王晓蕾¹⁾, 李国佑³⁾^,^*(), 孟凡博³⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京 100036
²⁾ 中国地震局地震预测重点实验室, 北京 100036
³⁾ 青海省地震局, 西宁 810001

收稿日期:2022-12-22 修回日期:2023-05-22 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *李国佑, 男, 1979年生, 高级工程师, 现主要从事地球物理台网观测与运行工作, E-mail: 87064341@qq.com。
作者简介:
席继楼, 男, 1969年生, 1998年于中国地震局兰州地震研究所获固体地球物理专业硕士学位, 研究员, 现主要从事地震电磁学观测方法与观测技术研究工作, E-mail: xjl@ief.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1503700); 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(2021IEF1207); 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(CEAIEF20220501)

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISM OF LONG-PERIOD GEOELECTRIC FIELD VARIATION: A CASE STUDY FROM DULAN SEISMIC STATION

XI Ji-lou¹^,²⁾(), ZHAO Jia-liu¹⁾, GAO Shang-hua¹^,²⁾, WANG Xiao-lei¹⁾, LI Guo-you³⁾^,^*(), MENG Fan-bo³⁾

¹⁾ Institute of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
²⁾ Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
³⁾ Qinghai Earthquake Agency, Xining 810001, China

Received:2022-12-22 Revised:2023-05-22 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地电场是重要的地球物理场, 长周期地电场是地球电磁场的重要组成部分。文中针对2015—2022年青海省都兰地震台较长时间尺度的地电场观测数据资料, 采用小波分析、中值滤波、卷积滤波及线性拟合等多种方法和途径, 对长周期地电场及其变化特征进行提取和分析。研究结果显示: 1)都兰地震台地电场观测数据具有比较强的长期平稳性和变化可靠性, 同测向日相关系数的算术平均值≥0.98, 日变化差值的算术平均值≤0.2mV/km; 2)FFT频谱分析结果表明, 数据除包含24h、 12h、 8h和6h等中短周期变化外, 同时也包含年周期、半年周期及3月周期等长周期变化成分; 3)地电场观测值的日变化幅度呈现夏高冬低的季节性变化, 显著性变化包括年周期、半年周期、 4月周期、 27日周期及半月周期等; 4)观测值的趋势性变化呈现比较典型的周期性年变化特征, 变化形态近似正弦波, 且每年的极值点和变化幅度基本相当; 5)玛多 M_S7.4 地震前后地电场观测值出现了较为明显的破年变化异常畸变现象。机理分析显示, 在地球围绕太阳公转及自转过程中, 太阳直射点的往复改变是长周期地电场变化的重要激发机制。综合分析认为, 都兰地震台较长时间尺度的地电场观测数据变化具有比较优良的客观性、可靠性及长期变化平稳性, 能够充分反映长周期地电场的基本变化特性, 具有较高的研究和应用价值。

关键词: 都兰地震台, 长周期地电场, 变化特征, 玛多M_S7.4地震

Abstract:

The geoelectric field is an important geophysical field, and the long-term geoelectric field is also an important component of the Earth's electromagnetic field, which mainly refers to the geoelectric field with a variation period greater than 100,000 seconds. The long-term geoelectric field can dynamically reflect the trend changes of spontaneous electric field, periodic changes of telluric electricity field, and other seasonal disturbances. Furthermore, it can further reveal the basic characteristics and physical mechanisms are related to the sources of the electromagnetic field, through such analysis and research on the changes in the long-term geoelectric field.

In this paper, a systematic study has been conducted on the basic characteristics and variation mechanism of the long-term geoelectric field, which is mainly based on long-term geoelectric field observation data Dulan seismic station in Qinghai Province from 2015 to 2022. Firstly, based on interference preprocessing and reliability analysis, various methods and approaches such as wavelet analysis, median filtering, convolutional filtering, linear fitting are used to filter out high-frequency disturbances in the geoelectric field and to extract and analyze the components of long-term geoelectric field variation. At the same time, based on the analysis results of the abnormal changes in the electric field at the Dawu seismic station before and after the Madoi M_S7.4 earthquake, the possible correlation and main field source mechanism between the abnormal variation of the electric field at the Dulan seismic station and the earthquake has been analyzed and discussed.

The research results show that, from the observation data of geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station: 1)It has relatively strong long-term stability and variation reliability, with the arithmetic mean value of the daily correlation coefficient not less than 0.98, and that of the daily variation difference not more than 0.2mV/km, in the Same measurement direction; 2)The FFT spectrum analysis results include not only short and medium cycle changes such as 24h, 12h, 8h and 6h, but also long cycle changes such as annual cycle, semi-annual cycle and so on; 3)The daily variation range shows seasonal variation with high in summer and low in winter, and the significant variation includes annual cycle, half-year cycle, 27-day cycle, half-month cycle; 4)The trend variation shows a typical periodic annual changing feature as the sine wave change, and the annual extreme value and change amplitude are basically the same; 5)Before and after the Madoi M_S7.4 earthquake, there were obvious abnormal distortions from the annual variation.

Theoretical and mechanism analysis shows that the periodic changes in the daily variation amplitude of the geoelectric field at the Dulan seismic station mainly come from the periodic changes in spatial field sources, and the trend periodic changes of the geoelectric field mainly come from the long-term tidal effect generated by the gravitational action of the sun. During the process of Earth's orbit and rotation around the sun, the periodic changes in direct solar radiation, as well as in the ionospheric plasma concentration and the underground fluid seepage field caused by the gravitational force of the sun, are the important excitation mechanisms for this long-term periodic change of the geoelectric field.

According to the comprehensive analysis, it is believed that the variation of the geoelectric field data observed at the Dulan seismic station has excellent objectivity, reliability, and long-term stability, which can reflect the characteristics of long-term geoelectric field changes and abnormal distortion characteristics of the geoelectric field before and after strong earthquakes. And the change mechanism is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results and has strong research and application value.

In summary, the research results which carried out on the long-term variation of the geoelectric field, as well as revealed the important mechanisms of the generation and variation of Earth's electromagnetic fields, will have more important enlightening significance and reference value in the multifaceted research work about the geoelectric field observation, such as the site survey, observation system construction, observation data analysis and application et al.

Key words: Dulan seismic station, Long period geoelectric field, Variation characteristics, Madoi M_S7.4 earthquake

席继楼, 赵家骝, 高尚华, 王晓蕾, 李国佑, 孟凡博. 长周期地电场变化特征及机理——以都兰地震台为例[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(5): 1092-1111.

XI Ji-lou, ZHAO Jia-liu, GAO Shang-hua, WANG Xiao-lei, LI Guo-you, MENG Fan-bo. STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISM OF LONG-PERIOD GEOELECTRIC FIELD VARIATION: A CASE STUDY FROM DULAN SEISMIC STATION[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(5): 1092-1111.

图/表 12

图1 都兰地震台、大武地震台及玛多 MS7.4 地震震中位置图断裂带的分布、走向和名称等信息均引自《基于GIS的地震分析预报系统(V2.6.2)》软件中的“中国活动断裂知识库”

Fig. 1 Location of Dulan seismic station, Dawu seismic station and epicentre of Madoi MS7.4 earthquake.

图2 都兰地震台地电场观测装置系统的布设示意图

Fig. 2 System layout of geoelectric field observation device at Dulan seismic station.

图3 都兰地震台地电场的日变化数据曲线(2022-01-02)

Fig. 3 Daily variation data curve of the electric field at Dulan Seismic Station(January 2nd, 2022).

图4 都兰地震台地电场的日变化数据降噪滤波及拟合处理曲线(2022-07-01)

Fig. 4 The daily variation curve of noise reduction filtering and fitting processing of the geo-electric field observed at Dulan seismic station(July 1st, 2022).

图5 都兰地震台地电场小时均值数据曲线(2015-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 5 Hourly mean curve of the geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station(January 1st, 2015 to July 12th, 2022).

图6 都兰地震台地电场小时均值数据的频谱曲线

Fig. 6 Spectrum curve of the hourly mean of the geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station.

图7 都兰地震台同测向地电场观测数据的日相关系数曲线(2015-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 7 Daily correlation coefficient curve of geoelectric field observation data from the same direction at Dulan seismic station(January 1st, 2015 to July 12th, 2022).

图8 都兰地震台同测向地电场观测数据的日变化差值曲线(2015-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 8 Daily variation difference curve of electric field observation data form the same direction at Dulan seismic station(January 1st, 2015 to July 12th, 2022).

图9 都兰地震台地电场的日变化幅度曲线(2015-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 9 Daily variation amplitude curve of the geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station (January 1st, 2015 to July 12th, 2022).

图10 都兰地震台地电场的日变化幅度频谱曲线

Fig. 10 Spectrum curve of daily variation amplitude of geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station.

图11 都兰地震台地电场的日均值曲线(2015-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 11 Daily mean value curve of geoelectric field at Dulan seismic station(January 1st, 2015 to July 12th, 2022).

图12 玛多 MS7.4 地震前后地电场的日均值数据曲线(2019-01-01—2022-07-12)

Fig. 12 Daily average data curve of the electric field before and after the Madoi MS7.4 earthquake (January 1st, 2019 to July 12st, 2022).

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长周期地电场变化特征及机理——以都兰地震台为例

STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MECHANISM OF LONG-PERIOD GEOELECTRIC FIELD VARIATION: A CASE STUDY FROM DULAN SEISMIC STATION

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