山西地堑系蔚广盆地南缘断裂带平行正断层的晚第四纪活动及其地震地质意义

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.20230138

地震地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 64-80.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.20230138

山西地堑系蔚广盆地南缘断裂带平行正断层的晚第四纪活动及其地震地质意义

邹俊杰¹^,²⁾(), 何宏林²^,³⁾^,^*(), 邵志刚¹⁾, 魏占玉²^,³⁾, 石峰²^,³⁾, 张波⁴⁾, 耿爽²⁾, 赵家豪⁵⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地震预测研究所, 北京 100036
²⁾ 地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室(中国地震局地质研究所), 北京 100029
³⁾ 山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 太原 030025
⁴⁾ 北京大学, 地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
⁵⁾ 中国地质大学(北京), 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-01-21 修回日期:2025-06-30 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-03-14
通讯作者: * 何宏林, 男, 1964年生, 研究员, 现主要研究方向为活动构造、地震地质和构造地貌, E-mail: hehonglin123@vip.sina.com。
作者简介:
邹俊杰, 男, 1991 年生, 副研究员, 主要从事活动构造、地震地质和构造地貌学、地震活动性分析研究, E-mail: junjiezou_ucas@126.com。
基金资助:
地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室开放基金(LED2024B03); 国家自然科学基金(U1939201); 国家自然科学基金(42202255); 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(CEAIEF20230208); 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务专项(2024030101)

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF PARALLEL NORMAL FAULTS IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF YUGUANG FAULTED BASIN IN SHANXI RIFT AND ITS SEISMOGEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

ZOU Jun-jie¹^,²⁾(), HE Hong-lin²^,³⁾^,^*(), SHAO Zhi-gang¹⁾, WEI Zhan-yu²^,³⁾, SHI Feng²^,³⁾, ZHANG Bo⁴⁾, GENG Shuang²⁾, ZHAO Jia-hao⁵⁾

¹⁾ Institute of Earthquake Forecasting, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100036, China
²⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting(Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration), Beijing 100029, China
³⁾ Shanxi Taiyuan Continental Rift Dynamics National Observation and Research Station, Taiyuan 030025, China
⁴⁾ School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
⁵⁾ China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-01-21 Revised:2025-06-30 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-03-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

山西地堑系蔚广盆地南缘边界断裂带, 由展布于基岩区的山前正断层和展布于沉积区的山麓正断层共同组成。但是, 关于2条断层是否为同期活动、是否同为控震断层仍存在不同认识。2条断裂的活动性如何, 盆地的地震危险性主要受控于山前或山麓的某一条断层还是由2条断层共同控制, 这些问题亟待回答。文中以蔚广盆地南缘断裂唐山口段为研究对象, 通过小型无人机航测、地质剖面分析和第四纪测年方法, 对山麓正断层和山前正断层的活动时代、活动幅度和活动速率开展研究。结果显示, 山麓正断层在距今32.9~31.9ka以后发生了一次古地震事件, 活动幅度未知; 在距今(23.4±2.1)~(20.8±1.8)ka发生过同震倾滑位移量为0.4~0.5m的古地震事件, 全新世伸展变形速率为0.8mm/a。山前正断层在距今10.1~8.2ka以来的累积垂直位移量约为7m, 全新世伸展变形速率为0.4~0.5mm/a, 更新了前人对该段山前正断层在晚第四纪以来已基本停止活动的认识。研究结果表明, 唐山口段基岩区和山麓正断层为全新世活动断裂, 且均发生了地表破裂型地震事件, 两者对区域伸展变形速率和边界带的应变分配均具有承载作用。因此, 在断陷盆地边界带开展区域伸展变形计算时, 需要同时对基岩区和沉积区2支断裂进行对比分析、综合考虑, 从而科学构建区域伸展变形模型, 正确把握断陷盆地边界带的运动学特征和动力学机制。

关键词: 断陷盆地边界带, 山前正断层, 山麓正断层, 活动性对比, 蔚广盆地南缘断裂

Abstract:

The southern boundary fault zone of the Yuguang Basin, located in the Shanxi Graben System, is jointly constituted by two fault segments: the piedmont normal fault distributed in the bedrock area and the foothill normal fault developed in the sedimentary area. However, academic debates persist over two critical issues: whether these faults were active synchronously during geological evolution, and whether both function as seismogenic faults that dominate earthquake occurrence in this region. A series of key scientific questions remain to be addressed urgently: What are the specific activity characteristics of these two faults?Is the seismic hazard of the Yuguang Basin controlled by a single fault, either the piedmont or the foothill one, or do the combined effects of both faults govern it? To resolve these controversies and clarify the aforementioned questions, this study selects the Tangshankou segment of the southern Yuguang Basin fault as the research target. By integrating multiple technical approaches including small unmanned aerial vehicle(s-UAV) aerial survey, detailed geological profile interpretation, and precise Quaternary dating methods, we conduct a systematic investigation into the activity epoch, displacement amplitude, and slip rate of both the foothill normal fault and the piedmont normal fault. The research results reveal that the foothill normal fault experienced two distinct paleoseismic events: the first event occurred after 32.9-31.9kaBP, with its specific displacement amplitude remaining undetermined; the second event took place during the period of (23.4±2.1)-(20.8±1.8)kaBP, accompanied by a coseismic dip-slip displacement of 0.4-0.5m, and the Holocene extensional slip rate of this fault is calculated to be 0.8mm/a. In contrast, the piedmont normal fault has accumulated approximately 7m of vertical displacement since 10.1-8.2kaBP, corresponding to a Holocene extensional slip rate of 0.4-0.5mm/a. This finding significantly revises the previous academic view that the piedmont normal fault in this segment had essentially ceased tectonic activity since the Late Quaternary. Further analysis demonstrates that both the piedmont normal fault in the bedrock area and the foothill normal fault in the sedimentary area within the Tangshankou segment are Holocene active faults, and both have generated surface-rupturing earthquakes in history. These two faults jointly undertake the regional extensional deformation and play a crucial role in the strain partitioning process within the basin boundary zone. Therefore, when conducting regional extensional deformation calculations in the boundary zone of faulted basins, it is essential to carry out a comparative analysis and careful consideration of the two fault segments in both bedrock and sedimentary areas. Only in this way can we scientifically construct a regional extensional deformation model and accurately grasp the kinematic characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of the boundary zone of faulted basins, thereby providing a reliable geological basis for seismic hazard assessment and disaster prevention and mitigation work in this region.

Key words: faulted basin boundary zone, mountain front fault, piedmont fault, activity comparison, Yu-Guang Basin southern marginal fault

邹俊杰, 何宏林, 邵志刚, 魏占玉, 石峰, 张波, 耿爽, 赵家豪. 山西地堑系蔚广盆地南缘断裂带平行正断层的晚第四纪活动及其地震地质意义[J]. 地震地质, 2026, 48(1): 64-80.

ZOU Jun-jie, HE Hong-lin, SHAO Zhi-gang, WEI Zhan-yu, SHI Feng, ZHANG Bo, GENG Shuang, ZHAO Jia-hao. LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF PARALLEL NORMAL FAULTS IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF YUGUANG FAULTED BASIN IN SHANXI RIFT AND ITS SEISMOGEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2026, 48(1): 64-80.

图/表 8

图1 蔚广盆地南缘断裂几何展布、分段特征和调查点位置 a 目标断裂的区域概况, 黑色方框为图1b位置; b 蔚广盆地南缘断裂展布特征, 黑色方块表示研究点位置。断裂和地震资料引自王林(2013)

Fig. 1 The geometric distribution, segmentation features and the survey sites of the Yuguang Basin southern marginal fault.

图2 西庄头调查点处的无人机航测、地质调查与构造地貌特征 a 小型无人机获取的断裂带几何展布特征; b 断裂带山麓正断层的野外露头; c 山前正断层错断有机含炭标志层

Fig. 2 Drone aerial survey, geological investigation, and geomorphological features at the Xizhuangtou survey site.

图3 蔚广盆地南缘断裂西庄头山麓正断层F1地质剖面 a 野外实拍断层剖面; b 断层剖面解译图

Fig. 3 Geological section of the Yuguang Basin southern marginal Fault F1 in the piedmont area at Xizhuangtou.

表1 蔚广盆地南缘断裂西庄头村山麓正断层光释光(OSL)样品测年结果

Table1 Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) age of samples from the Yuguang Basin southern marginal fault in the piedmont area at Xiguangtou village

样品编号	深度 /m	含水量 /%	U^① /Bg·kg^-1	Th^① /Bg·kg^-1	K^① /Bg·kg^-1	${D}_{a}^{②}$ /Gy·ka^-1	${D}_{e}^{③}$ /Gy	年龄 /ka
XZTC-01	1.1	10	36.5±6.4	55.2±0.8	839.6±16.2	4.6±0.3	95.1±5.2	20.8±1.8
XZTC-02	2.2	10	23.1±6.1	44.1±0.7	619.8±12.8	3.6±0.2	83.5±5.2	23.4±2.1
XZTC-03	2.5	10	26.7±6.0	40.4±0.7	587.5±12.2	3.4±0.2	77.0±7.9	22.5±2.7

表2 蔚广盆地南缘断裂西庄头村山麓正断层放射性碳(14C)样品测年结果

Table2 Radiocarbon age(14C) and calibrated calendar date of a sample from the Yuguang Basin southern marginal fault in the piedmont area at Xiguangtou village

样品编号	深度/m	(¹³C/¹²C)/‰	放射性碳^①	日历年龄^②	样品描述
XZTC-¹⁴C	1.2	-23.6	(28390±130)a BP	30840—29840BC	炭屑物质

图4 蔚广盆地南缘断裂西庄头山前正断层F2地质剖面 a 野外实拍断层剖面; b 断层剖面解译图

Fig. 4 Geological section of the Yuguang Basin southern marginal Fault F2 in the mountain front area at Xizhuangtou

表3 蔚广盆地南缘断裂西庄头村山前正断层放射性碳(14C)样品测年结果

Table3 Radiocarbon age(14C) and calibrated calendar date of samples from the Yuguang Basin southern marginal fault in the mountain front area at Xiguangtou village

样品编号	深度/m	(¹³C/¹²C)/‰	放射性碳^①	日历年龄^②	样品描述
¹⁴C-01	1.8	-24.3	(8580±40)a BP	7605—7570BC	有机沉积物
¹⁴C-02	2.2	-26.3	(8970±30)a BP	8035—8015BC	炭屑物质
¹⁴C-03	3.5	-24.8	(7420±40)a BP	6395—6225BC	有机沉积物
¹⁴C-04	4.2	-25.7	(8240±30)a BP	7350—7175BC	炭屑物质

图5 (山前-山麓)断裂在区域地震危险性评价和承载盆山边界带变形中作用 a 断裂带剖面与活动时代; b 断陷盆地边界带断裂展布模型; c 断陷盆地边界带滑动速率模型; d 断陷盆地边界带地震活动时序特征; e 盆山边界带的区域伸展变形模型

Fig. 5 The role of mountain front and piedmont faults in regional seismic risk assessment and bearing deformation of the basin-mountain boundary zone.

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山西地堑系蔚广盆地南缘断裂带平行正断层的晚第四纪活动及其地震地质意义

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF PARALLEL NORMAL FAULTS IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF YUGUANG FAULTED BASIN IN SHANXI RIFT AND ITS SEISMOGEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

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