基于高分辨率遥感影像的地震破裂带精细特征研究——以理塘断裂为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.002

地震地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1057-1073.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.05.002

基于高分辨率遥感影像的地震破裂带精细特征研究——以理塘断裂为例

游子成¹⁾(), 毕海芸¹⁾^,^*(), 郑文俊²⁾, 彭慧²⁾, 梁淑敏²⁾, 段磊²⁾, 覃乙根²⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
²⁾ 中山大学, 地球科学与工程学院, 广东省地球动力作用与地质灾害重点实验室, 珠海 519082

收稿日期:2022-10-27 修回日期:2023-03-14 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *毕海芸, 女, 1988年生, 研究员, 硕士生导师, 主要研究方向为活动构造与构造地貌, E-mail: bihaiyun@ies.ac.cn。
作者简介:
游子成, 男, 1997年生, 现为中国地震局地质研究所构造地质学专业在读硕士研究生, 主要从事活动构造与构造地貌方面的研究, E-mail: youzicheng97@163.com。
基金资助:
第2次青藏高原科学考察项目(2019QZKK0901); 国家自然科学基金(41972228)

FINE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF LITANG FAULT

YOU Zi-cheng¹⁾(), BI Hai-yun¹⁾^,^*(), ZHENG Wen-jun²⁾, PENG Hui²⁾, LIANG Shu-min²⁾, DUAN Lei²⁾, QIN Yi-gen²⁾

¹⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
²⁾ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China

Received:2022-10-27 Revised:2023-03-14 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

同震地表破裂是地震在地表最直观的地貌表现, 其几何形态和展布特征记录了丰富的断层活动信息。近年来, 高分辨率遥感影像的日益丰富和摄影测量方法等的快速发展, 能帮助我们快速获取研究区高分辨率地形地貌数据, 以便更好地识别地震地表破裂带的精细几何结构, 并测量沿线断错位移分布等信息。文中选取川西理塘断裂1890年地震的同震地表破裂为研究对象, 利用WorldView遥感卫星影像立体像对和摄影测量方法生成了研究区0.5m分辨率的正射影像和1m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)。基于此数据解译获取了1890年地震地表破裂带的空间展布范围和精细几何结构, 沿破裂带测量了90组冲沟、田埂等线性地貌标志的左旋位移, 并统计了其累积概率密度分布(COPD)。结果表明, 理塘断裂全新世中期以来至少经历过4次规模相当的强震事件, 其中最近一次的1890年地震事件的破裂长度约为27km, 同震左旋位移约为1.3m, 估算震级为 M_W6.8 ~7.1, 其他3次由老到新的地震事件的同震位移约为1.8m、 1.9m、 1.1m。研究结果充分展示出高分辨率遥感影像数据在同震地表破裂研究中的应用潜力。

关键词: 高分辨率遥感影像, 摄影测量方法, 同震地表破裂, 位移分布, 理塘断裂

Abstract:

Strong earthquakes(magnitude>6.5)typically cause coseismic surface ruptures of several kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers long on the surface. Coseismic surface rupture is the most intuitive geomorphic representation of an earthquake on the surface, and its geometry and distribution characteristics provide important information about the fault activity. Field investigation is the most basic means for research on coseismic surface fractures, but for areas that are hard to access or have harsh climatic environments, field investigation is often greatly limited. In recent years, the increasing abundance of high-resolution remote sensing images and the rapid development of photogrammetry methods can help us quickly obtain high-resolution topographic and geomorphic data of the study area, to better identify the fine geometry of the earthquake surface rupture zone and measure the offsets of geomorphic markers along the fault. The Litang Fault is a sinistral strike-slip fault located within the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Several historical earthquake events have occurred on this fault, such as the 1890 and 1948 earthquakes, and clear seismic surface ruptures still exist along the fault so far. Previous studies have conducted a series of works on the coseismic surface rupture of this fault, but most of these works were based on field investigations or relatively low-resolution remote sensing images, and there is still a lack of fine research on the coseismic surface rupture of the fault. In this paper, the coseismic surface rupture of the 1890 earthquake which occurred on the Litang Fault was selected as the study object. To obtain high-resolution topographic data of this fault, the WorldView satellite stereo images were used to generate a 0.5-m-resolution orthophoto and a 1-m-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of the Litang fault based on the photogrammetry method. With the high-resolution topographic data, the fine geometry of the 1890 earthquake surface rupture zone was mapped in detail. The mapping results show that the total length of the surface rupture is about 27km, with an overall strike of N40°W. The rupture is mainly characterized by sinistral strike-slip motion, with a certain degree of dip-slip component in local areas. Except for the interval of approximately 6km with no surface rupture at the Wuliang River floodplain in the Litang Basin, the surface ruptures are relatively continuous at other locations. In addition, various rupture styles have been identified along the fault, including en echelon tension cracks, mole tracks, sag ponds, fault scarps, and displaced gullies. Furthermore, the sinistral offsets of 90 groups of linear geomorphic markers such as gullies and ridges were measured along the fault, which range from 1m to 82.4m. We further estimated the Cumulative Offset Probability Distribution(COPD)of the offsets located on the terrace I of the Wuliang River, which are all in the range of 0-9m. The COPD plot displays four distinct peaks at 1.3m, 2.4m, 4.3m, and6.1m, respectively. Previous studies have reported that the terrace I of Wuliang River formed at about(4 620±40)a BP. Thus, it can be indicated that the Litang fault may have experienced at least four strong earthquake events since(4 620±40)a BP, and the smallest peak of 1.3m may represent the coseismic displacement of the most recent 1890 earthquake. The rupture length of the latest 1890 earthquake was about 27km, and the coseismic sinistral offset was about 1.3m, yielding an estimated moment magnitude of M_W6.8-7.1. The coseismic offset of the other three earthquakes was about 1.8m, 1.9m, and 1.1m from old to new, respectively, yielding a magnitude estimate of M_W7.3, M_W7.3, and M_W7.0, with a size comparable to the 1890 earthquake. The research results fully demonstrate the potential of high-resolution remote sensing images in the study of fine characteristics of earthquake surface rupture.

Key words: high-resolution remote sensing image, photogrammetry method, coseismic surface rupture, offset distribution, Litang Fault

游子成, 毕海芸, 郑文俊, 彭慧, 梁淑敏, 段磊, 覃乙根. 基于高分辨率遥感影像的地震破裂带精细特征研究——以理塘断裂为例[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(5): 1057-1073.

YOU Zi-cheng, BI Hai-yun, ZHENG Wen-jun, PENG Hui, LIANG Shu-min, DUAN Lei, QIN Yi-gen. FINE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF LITANG FAULT[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(5): 1057-1073.

图/表 9

图1 理塘断裂带的区域构造位置图中断层位置来自邓起东等(2002)和徐锡伟等(2003)

Fig. 1 Regional tectonic location of the Litang fault zone.

图2 理塘断裂带的空间几何展布断裂从北到南可分为毛垭坝盆地北缘断裂、理塘断裂、康嘎-德巫断裂

Fig. 2 Spatial geometric distribution of the Litang fault zone.

图3 摄影测量方法的基本原理(a)和处理流程(b)(修改自张剑清等, 2003)

Fig. 3 Basic principle(a)and processing flow(b)of photogrammetry(modified from ZHANG Jian-qing et al., 2003).

图4 基于摄影测量方法生成的理塘断裂数字高程模型(a)和正射影像(b)

Fig. 4 Digital elevation model(a)and orthophoto(b)of Litang Fault based on photogrammetry.

图5 理塘断裂地表破裂带的空间几何展布红色线段表示地表破裂迹线, 绿色圆圈表示位移测量点

Fig. 5 Spatial geometric distribution of surface rupture zone of the Litang Fault.

图6 理塘断裂典型的地表破裂形迹 a、 b 嘎日山前冲洪积扇上的反向陡坎; c、 d 无量河Ⅰ级阶地破裂带呈地表草皮撕裂和连续线性形迹; e、 f 理塘兵站南西约1km处破裂带形迹; g、 h 村戈乡西北山前破裂带形迹

Fig. 6 Typical surface rupture traces of the Litang Fault.

图7 水平位移测量的原理图 a、 b 位移测量及误差范围确定原理; c、 f 正射影像; d、 g 确定断层位置、走向和冲沟迹线; e、 h 位错恢复图; i、 j 无量河阶地野外实测的位移

Fig. 7 Principal diagram of horizontal offset measurement.

图8 理塘断裂沿线的水平位移分布

Fig. 8 Horizontal offset distribution along the Litang Fault.

图9 无量河Ⅰ级阶地的水平位移(b)和累积位移概率密度分布(a)

Fig. 9 Cumulative Offset Probability Distribution(COPD)(a)of the horizontal offsets(b) on the terrace I of the Wuliang River.

参考文献 44

[1]	陈桂华, 李忠武, 徐锡伟, 等. 2022. 2021年青海玛多M7.4地震发震断裂的典型同震地表变形与晚第四纪断错累积及其区域构造意义[J]. 地球物理学报, 65(8): 2984—3005.
	CHEN Gui-hua, LI Zhong-wu, XU Xi-wei, et al. 2022. Co-seismic surface deformation and late Quaternary accumulated displacement along the seismogenic fault of the 2021 Madoi M7.4 earthquake and their implications for regional tectonics[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 65(8): 2984—3005. (in Chinese)
[2]	邓起东, 于贵华, 叶文华. 1992. 地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究 [G]// 国家地震局地质研究所. 活动断裂研究理论与应用(2). 北京: 地震出版社: 247—264.
	DENG Qi-dong, YU Gui-hua, YE Wen-hua. 1992. Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surface ruptures associated with historical earthquake [G]// the Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau. Theory and Application of Active Fault Research(2). Seismological Press, Beijing: 247—264. (in Chinese)
[3]	邓起东, 张培震, 冉勇康, 等. 2002. 中国活动构造基本特征[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 32(12): 1020—1030.
	DENG Qi-dong, ZHANG Pei-zhen, RAN Yong-kang, et al. 2002. Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China[J]. Science in China(Ser D), 46: 356—372.
[4]	丁辉, 姚安强. 2012. 利用IKONOS立体像对提取DEM精度的实验[J]. 测绘科学, 37(1): 179—181.
	DING Hui, YAO An-qiang. 2012. DEM generation and analysis using IKONOS stereo pairs[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 37(1): 179—181. (in Chinese)
[5]	黄彩权. 1983. 1948年理塘7¼级地震的发震断裂及地震破裂带特征[J]. 四川地震, (2): 1—3.
	HUANG Cai-quan. 1983. Characteristics of generating structure and macroscopic fracture belt of the 1948 M_S=7.3 Litang earthquake, Sichuan[J]. Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2): 1—3. (in Chinese)
[6]	江娃利. 2008. 试论地质学者的地震理念[J]. 地震地质, 30(1): 305—323.
	JIANG Wa-li. 2008. Discussion on the seismological principle of geologist[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(1): 305—323. (in Chinese)
[7]	姜文亮, 张景发, 申旭辉, 等. 2018. 高分辨率遥感技术在活动断层研究中的应用[J]. 遥感学报, 22(S1): 192—211.
	JIANG Wen-liang, ZHANG Jing-fa, SHEN Xu-hui, et al. 2018. Geometric and geomorphic features of active fault structures interpreted from high-resolution remote sensing data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(S1): 192—211. (in Chinese)
[8]	李海兵, 潘家伟, 孙知明, 等. 2015. 2014 年于田 M_S7.3 地震地表破裂特征及其发震构造[J]. 地质学报, 89(1): 180—194.
	LI Hai-bing, PAN Jia-wei, SUN Zhi-ming, et al. 2015. Seismogenic structure and surface rupture characteristics of the 2014 M_S7.3 Yutian earthquake[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 89(1): 180—194. (in Chinese) DOI URL
[9]	梁子晗, 魏占玉, 庄其天, 等. 2021. 基于高分辨率地形数据的富蕴M8.0地震地表破裂带精细特征[J]. 地震地质, 43(6): 1507—1523.
	LIANG Zi-han, WEI Zhan-yu, ZHUANG Qi-tian, et al. 2021. Segmentation of surface rupture and offsets characteristics of the Fuyun M8.0 earthquake based on high-resolution topographic data[J]. Seismology and Geology, 43(6): 1507—1523. (in Chinese)
[10]	刘静, 陈涛, 张培震, 等. 2013. 机载激光雷达扫描揭示海原断裂带微地貌的精细结构[J]. 科学通报, 58(1): 41—45.
	LIU Jing, CHEN Tao, ZHANG Pei-zhen, et al. 2013. Illuminating the active Haiyuan fault, China by Airborne Light Detection and Ranging[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(1): 41—45. (in Chinese)
[11]	刘亢, 李岩峰, 郭辉文, 等. 2021. 1948年川西理塘M7.3地震地表破裂特征及Riedel剪切构造分析[J]. 地质学报, 95(8): 2346—2360.
	LIU Kang, LI Yan-feng, GUO Hui-wen, et al. 2021. Determination of surface rupture length and analysis of Riedel shear structure of the Litang M7.3 earthquake in west Sichuan in 1948[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 95(8): 2346—2360. (in Chinese)
[12]	马丹, 吴中海, 李家存, 等. 2014. 川西理塘断裂带的空间展布与第四纪左旋走滑活动的遥感影像标志[J]. 地质学报, 88(8): 1417—1435.
	MA Dan, WU Zhong-hai, LI Jia-cun, et al. 2014. Geometric distribution and the Quaternary activity of Litang active fault zone based on remote sensing[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88(8): 1417—1435. (in Chinese)
[13]	马冀, 冯希杰, 李高阳, 等. 2016. 1556年华县地震地表破裂带同震垂直位移[J]. 地震地质, 38(1): 22—30.
	MA Ji, FENG Xi-jie, LI Gao-yang, et al. 2016. The coseismic vertical displacements of surface rupture zone of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake[J]. Seismology and Geology, 38(1): 22—30. (in Chinese)
[14]	冉洪流. 2011. 中国西部走滑型活动断裂的地震破裂参数与震级的经验关系[J]. 地震地质, 33(3): 577—585.
	RAN Hong-liu. 2011. Empirical relations between earthquake magnitude and parameters of strike-slip seismogenic active faults associated with historical earthquakes in western China[J]. Seismology and Geology, 33(3): 577—585. (in Chinese)
[15]	冉勇康, 李彦宝, 杜鹏, 等. 2014. 中国大陆古地震研究的关键技术与案例解析(3): 正断层破裂特征、环境影响与古地震识别[J]. 地震地质, 36(2): 287—301. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.001.
	RAN Yong-kang, LI Yan-bao, DU Peng, et al. 2014. Key techniques and several cases analysis in paleoseismic studies in mainland China(3): Rupture characteristics, environment impact and paleoseismic indicators on normal faults[J]. Seismology and Geology, 36(2): 287—301. (in Chinese)
[16]	四川地震资料汇编编辑组. 1980. 四川地震资料汇编(一)[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社.
	Editorial Team of the Compilation of Earthquake in Sichuan Province. 1980. Compilation of Earthquakes in Sichuan Province(1)[M]. Sichuan People's Publishing House, Chengdu. (in Chinese)
[17]	汪思妤, 艾明, 吴传勇, 等. 2018. 高分辨率卫星影像提取DEM技术在活动构造定量研究中的应用: 以库米什盆地南缘断裂陡坎为例[J]. 地震地质, 40(5): 999—1017. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.05.004.
	WANG Si-yu, AI Ming, WU Chuan-yong, et al. 2018. Application of DEM generation technology from high resolution satellite image in quantitative active tectonics study: A case study of fault scarps in the southern margin of Kumishi Basin[J]. Seismology and Geology, 40(5): 999—1017. (in Chinese)
[18]	王阎昭, 王恩宁, 沈正康, 等. 2008. 基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 38(5): 582—597.
	WANG Yan-zhao, WANG En-ning, SHEN Zheng-kang, et al. 2008. GPS-constrained inversion of present-day slip rates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region, China[J]. Science in China(Ser D), 51(9): 1267—1283. DOI URL
[19]	魏永明, 李剑南, 陈玉, 等. 2021. 不同类型发震断层的同震地表破裂光学遥感特征研究[J]. 第四纪研究, 41(6): 1513—1531.
	WEI Yong-ming, LI Jian-nan, CHEN Yu, et al. 2021. Research on optical remote sensing characteristics of coseismic surface rupture of different types of seismogenic faults[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 41(6): 1513—1531. (in Chinese)
[20]	徐杰. 1979. 四川理塘强震区的地震地质特征[A]// 国家地震局西南烈度队编. 川滇强震区地震地质调查汇编. 北京: 地震出版社: 85—91.
	XU Jie. 1979. The seismogeological characteristics of the Litang Meizoseismal area, Sichuan [A]// Southwest Earthquake Intensity Survey Team, State Seismological Bureau(eds). Compilation of Seismic and Geological Survey Results on the Meizoseismal Areas in Sichuan-Yunnan. Seismological Press, Beijing: 85—91. (in Chinese)
[21]	徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 叶建青, 等. 2008. 汶川 M_S8.0 地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J]. 地震地质, 30(3): 597—629.
	XU Xi-wei, WEN Xue-ze, YE Jian-qing, et al. 2008. The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J]. Seismology and Geology, 30(3): 597—629. (in Chinese)
[22]	徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 于贵华, 等. 2005. 川西理塘断裂带平均滑动速率、地震破裂分段与复发特征[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 35(6): 540—551.
	XU Xi-wei, WEN Xue-ze, YU Gui-hua, et al. 2005. Average slip rate, earthquake rupturing segmentation and recurrence behavior on the Litang fault zone, western Sichuan Province, China[J]. Science in China(Ser D), 48: 1183—1196.
[23]	徐锡伟, 闻学泽, 郑荣章, 等. 2003. 川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 33(S1): 151—162.
	XU Xi-wei, WEN Xue-ze, ZHENG Rong-zhang, et al. 2003. Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics for active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China[J]. Science in China(Ser D), 46(S1): 210—220.
[24]	于贵华, 徐锡伟, Klinger Y, 等. 2010. 汶川 M_W7.9 地震同震断层陡坎类型与级联破裂模型[J]. 地学前缘, 17(5): 1—18.
	YU Gui-hua, XU Xi-wei, Klinger Y, et al. 2010. Earthquake fault scarps and cascading-rupture model for the Wenchuan earthquake[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 17(5): 1—18. (in Chinese)
[25]	张成龙, 李振洪, 张双成, 等. 2022. 综合遥感解译2022年 M_W6.7 青海门源地震地表破裂带[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 47(8): 1257—1270.
	ZHANG Cheng-long, LI Zhen-hong, ZHANG Shuang-cheng, et al. 2022. Surface ruptures of the 2022 M_W6.7 Menyuan earthquake revealed by integrated remote sensing[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 47(8): 1257—1270. (in Chinese)
[26]	张剑清, 潘励, 王树根. 2003. 摄影测量学[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社.
	ZHANG Jian-qing, PAN Li, WANG Shu-gen. 2003. Photogrammet[M]. Wuhan University Press, Wuhan. (in Chinese)
[27]	张克旗, 吴中海, 周春景, 等. 2020. 川西理塘断裂带奔戈—村戈段古地震事件及其非均匀性活动特征[J]. 地质学报, 94(4): 1295—1303.
	ZHANG Ke-qi, WU Zhong-hai, ZHOU Chun-jing, et al. 2020. Paleoearthquake events and inhomegeneous activity characteristics in the Benge-Cunge section of the Litang fault zone in the western Sichuan Province[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 94(4): 1295—1303. (in Chinese)
[28]	张祖勋, 张剑清. 2012. 数字摄影测量学[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社.
	ZHANG Zu-xun, ZHANG Jian-qing. 2012. Digital Photogrammetry[M]. Wuhan University Press, Wuhan. (in Chinese)
[29]	中央地震工作小组办公室. 1971. 中国地震目录(第一、第二合订)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社:320—321.
	Office of Central Earthquake Working Group. 1971. China Earthquake Catalogue(1-2)[M]. Science Press, Beijing: 320—321. (in Chinese)
[30]	周春景, 吴中海, 张克旗, 等. 2015. 川西理塘活动断裂最新同震地表破裂形成时代与震级的重新厘定[J]. 地震地质, 37(2): 455—467. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.02.009.
	ZHOU Chun-jing, WU Zhong-hai, ZHANG Ke-qi, et al. 2015. New chronological constraint on the co-seismic surface rupture segments associated with the Litang Fault[J]. Seismology and Geology, 37(2): 455—467. (in Chinese)
[31]	周荣军, 陈国星, 李勇, 等. 2005. 四川西部理塘—巴塘地区的活动断裂与1989年巴塘6.7级震群发震构造研究[J]. 地震地质, 27(1): 31—43.
	ZHOU Rong-jun, CHEN Guo-xing, LI Yong, et al. 2005. Research on active faults in Litang-Batang region, western Sichuan Province, and the seismogenic structures of the 1989 Batang M6.7 earthquake swarm[J]. Seismology and Geology, 27(1): 31—43. (in Chinese)
[32]	Bi H, Zheng W, Ge W, et al. 2018. Constraining the distribution of vertical slip on the south Heli Shan Fault(Northeastern Tibet)from High-resolution topographic data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(3): 2484—2501. DOI URL
[33]	Bonilla M G, Mark R K, Lienkaemper J J. 1984. Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude, surface rupture length, and surface fault displacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 74(6): 2379—2411.
[34]	Chevalier M, Leloup P H, Replumaz A, et al. 2016. Tectonic-geomorphology of the Litang fault system, SE Tibetan plateau, and implication for regional seismic hazard[J]. Tectonophysics, 682: 278—292. DOI URL
[35]	Gao S, Chen L, Li Y, et al. 2021. Rupture behavior of the Litang Fault within the Sichuan-Yunnan active block, southeastern Tibetan plateau[J]. Lithosphere, (S2): 8773676. https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/8773676.
[36]	Klinger Y, Etchebes M, Tapponnier P, et al. 2011. Characteristic slip for five great earthquakes along the Fuyun Fault in China[J]. Nature Geoscience, 4(6): 389—392. DOI
[37]	Mcgill S F, Sieh K. 1991. Surficial offsets on the central and eastern Garlock Fault associated with prehistoric earthquakes[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B13): 21597—21621.
[38]	Molnar P, Stock J M. 2009. Slowing of India's convergence with Eurasia since 20Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics[J]. Tectonics, 28: TC3001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008TC002271.
[39]	Tapponnier P, Molnar P. 1977. Active faulting and tectonics in China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82(20): 2905—2930. DOI URL
[40]	Tapponnier P, Peltzer G, Le Dain A Y, et al. 1982. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J]. Geology, 10(12): 611—616. DOI URL
[41]	Wang S, Zhou R, Liang M, et al. 2021. Co-seismic surface rupture and recurrence interval of large earthquakes along Damaoyaba-Litang segment of the Litang Fault on the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in China[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 32(5): 1139—1151. DOI
[42]	Wells D L, Coppersmith K J. 1994. New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(4): 974—1002. DOI URL
[43]	Zhou Y, Parsons B, Elliott J R, et al. 2015. Assessing the ability of Pleiades stereo imagery to determine height changes in earthquakes: A case study for the El Mayor-Cucapah epicentral area[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(12): 8793—8808. DOI URL
[44]	Zielke O, Arrowsmith J R, Ludwig L G, et al. 2010. Slip in the 1857 and earlier large earthquakes along the Carrizo Plain, San Andreas Fault[J]. Science, 327(5969): 1119—1122. DOI PMID

基于高分辨率遥感影像的地震破裂带精细特征研究——以理塘断裂为例

FINE CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKE SURFACE RUPTURE ZONE BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGE: A CASE STUDY OF LITANG FAULT

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 44

相关文章 11

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	申华梁, 杨耀, 周志华, 芮雪莲, 廖晓峰, 赵德杨, 梁明剑, 陈梦蝶, 官致君, 任宏微. 川西理塘毛垭温泉群的成因及深部地热过程[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(3): 689-709.
[2]	吴中海, 白玛多吉, 叶强, 韩帅, 史亚然, 尼玛次仁, 高扬. 西藏阿里阿鲁错地堑系的第四纪活动性、最新同震地表破裂及其地震地质意义[J]. 地震地质, 2023, 45(1): 67-91.
[3]	姚文倩, 王子君, 刘静, 刘小利, 韩龙飞, 邵延秀, 王文鑫, 徐晶, 秦可心, 高云鹏, 王焱, 李金阳, 曾宪阳. 2021年青海玛多M_W7.4地震同震地表破裂长度的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 541-559.
[4]	刘小利, 夏涛, 刘静, 姚文倩, 徐晶, 邓德贝尔, 韩龙飞, 贾治革, 邵延秀, 王焱, 乐子扬, 高天琪. 2021年青海玛多M_W7.4地震分布式同震地表裂缝特征[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(2): 461-483.
[5]	盖海龙, 李智敏, 姚生海, 李鑫. 2022年青海门源M_S6.9地震地表破裂特征的初步调查研究[J]. 地震地质, 2022, 44(1): 238-255.
[6]	李智敏, 李文巧, 李涛, 徐岳仁, 苏鹏, 郭鹏, 孙浩越, 哈广浩, 陈桂华, 袁兆德, 李忠武, 李鑫, 杨理臣, 马震, 姚生海, 熊仁伟, 张彦博, 盖海龙, 殷翔, 徐玮阳, 董金元. 2021年5月22日青海玛多M_S7.4地震的发震构造和地表破裂初步调查[J]. 地震地质, 2021, 43(3): 722-737.
[7]	郝海健, 何宏林, 魏占玉, 石峰. 同震地表破裂及活动断层迹线的几何形貌特征[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(6): 1267-1282.
[8]	周春景, 吴中海, 张克旗, 李家存, 蒋瑶, 田婷婷, 刘艳辉, 黄小巾. 川西理塘活动断裂最新同震地表破裂形成时代与震级的重新厘定[J]. 地震地质, 2015, 37(2): 455-467.
[9]	谭锡斌, 袁仁茂, 徐锡伟, 陈桂华, 张中白. 汶川地震小鱼洞地区的地表破裂和同震位移及其机制讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2013, 35(2): 247-260.
[10]	马文涛, 徐长朋, 张新东, 徐锡伟, 李海鸥, 苑京立. 紫坪铺水库与汶川地震关系的讨论[J]. 地震地质, 2011, 33(1): 175-190.
[11]	陈桂华, 李峰, 郑荣章, 徐锡伟, 于贵华, 闻学泽, 安艳芬, 李陈侠. 逆冲型断裂同震地表变形定量分析的几个问题——以汶川M_S8.0地震为例[J]. 地震地质, 2008, 30(3): 674-682.