COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT AND FAULT SLIP OF THE MW6.1 NAPA EARTHQUAKE IN AMERICA REVEALED BY SENTINEL-1A INSAR DATA

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.02.004

Abstract

Abstract:

We achieved the coseismic displacements of the Napa M_W6.1 earthquake located in California US occurring on 24 August 2014 by using InSAR data from the newly launched ESA's Sentinel-1A satellite. The 30m×30m ASTER GDEM was used to remove the terrain effect, and phase unwrapping method of branch-cut algorithm was adopted. In order to obtain a better coseismic displacement field, we also tested 90m×90m SRTM data to remove the terrain effect and Minimum Cost Flow algorithm to unwrap the phase. Results showed that the earthquake caused a significant ground displacement with maximum uplift and subsidence of 0.1m and -0.09m in the satellite light of sight(LOS). Based on the Sentinel-1A dataset and sensitivity based iterative fitting(SBIF) method of restrictive least-squares algorithm, we obtained coseismic fault slip distribution and part of the earthquake source parameters. Inversion results show that the strike angle is 341.3°, the dip angle is 80°, rupture is given right-lateral fault, average rake angle is -176.38°, and the maximum slip is ~0.8m at a depth of 4.43km. The accumulative seismic moment is up to 1.6×10¹⁸N·m, equivalent to a magnitude of M_W6.14.

Key words: Sentinel-1A, Napa earthquake, D-InSAR, coseismic displacement, inversion

摘要：

利用欧洲空间局新发射的Sentinel-1A卫星获取的第1对同震SAR影像，采用30m×30m分辨率的ASTER GDEM数据去除地形效应，应用枝切法解缠，得到了2014年8月24日美国加利福尼亚州纳帕地震的地表同震形变场。为了获取最优同震形变场，对比使用了90m×90m分辨率的SRTM数据去除地形相位，以及最小费用流方法进行相位解缠。结果显示此次地震造成形变场在LOS方向（Line Of Sight）的最大抬升量和最大沉降量分别达到了0.1m和0.09m。基于获取的同震形变场，采用限制性最小二乘算法进行敏感性迭代拟合，获取了此次地震的断层滑动分布及部分震源参数。反演结果表明发震断层的走向为341.3°，倾角为80°，破裂以右旋走滑为主，平均滑动角为-176.38°，最大滑动量达0.8m，位于地表下约4.43km处。此次地震累计释放地震矩1.6×10¹⁸N·m，约合矩震级M_W6.14。

关键词: Sentinel-1A, 纳帕地震, D-InSAR, 同震形变, 反演

CLC Number:

P315.2

ZUO Rong-hu, QU Chun-yan, ZHANG Guo-hong, SHAN Xin-jian, SONG Xiao-gang, WEN Shao-yan, XU Xiao-bo. COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT AND FAULT SLIP OF THE M_W6.1 NAPA EARTHQUAKE IN AMERICA REVEALED BY SENTINEL-1A INSAR DATA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2016, 38(2): 278-289.

左荣虎, 屈春燕, 张国宏, 单新建, 宋小刚, 温少妍, 徐小波. 基于Sentinel-1A数据获取美国纳帕M_W6.1地震同震形变场及断层滑动反演[J]. 地震地质, 2016, 38(2): 278-289.

References

李永生, 冯万鹏, 张景发,等. 2015. 2014年美国加州纳帕M_W6.1地震断层参数的 Sentinel-1A InSAR反演［J］. 地球物理学报, 58(7):2339-2349. doi:10.6038/cjg20150712. LI Yong-sheng, FENG Wan-peng, ZHANG Jing-fa, et al. 2015. Coseismic slip of the 2014 M_W6.1 Napa, California earthquake revealed by Sentinel-1A InSAR［J］. Chinese J Geophysics, 58(7):2339-2349(in Chinese).
张国宏, 屈春燕, 宋小刚, 等. 2010. 基于InSAR同震形变场反演汶川M_W7.9地震断层滑动分布［J］. 地球物理学报, 53(2):269-179. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.02.005. ZHANG Guo-hong, QU Chun-yan, SONG Xiao-gang, et al. 2010. Slip distribution and source parameters inverted from co-seismic deformation derived by InSAR technology of Wenchuan M_W7.9 earthquake［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 53(2):269-279(in Chinese).
张国宏, 屈春燕, 单新建, 等. 2011. 2008年M_S7.1于田地震InSAR同震形变场及其震源滑动反演［J］. 地球物理学报, 54(11):2753-2760. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.11.005. ZHANG Guo-hong, QU Chun-yan, SHAN Xin-jian, et al. 2011. The coseismic InSAR measurement of 2008 Yutian earthquake and its inversion for source parameters［J］. Chinese J Geophys, 54(11):2753-2760(in Chinese).
Bryant W A. 1982. Hunting Creek fault. Napa, Lake, and Yolo Counties［R］. California Division of Mines and Geology Open-File Report, 90(10).
Budding K E, David P, et al. 1991. Slip rate, earthquake recurrence, and seismogenic potential of the Rodgers Creek fault zone, northern California:Initial results［J］. Geophysical Research Letters, 18(3):447-450.
Feigl K L, Sarti F, Vadon H, et al. 2002. Estimating slip distribution for the Izmit mainshock from coseismic GPS, ERS-1, RADARSAT, and SPOT measurements［J］. Bull Seism Soc Am, 92(1):138-160. doi:10.1785/-0120000830.
Fox K F, Sims J D, Bartow J A, et al. 1973. Preliminary geologic map of eastern Sonoma County and western Napa County, California:San Francisco Bay region environment and resources planning study［R］. US Geological Survey:Miscellaneous Field Studies Map.
Fukahata Y, Wright T J. 2008. A non-linear geodetic data inversion using ABIC for slip distribution on a fault with an unknown dip angle［J］. Geophys J Int, 173:353-364.
Funning G J, Parsons B, Wright T J. 2007. Fault slip in the 1997 Manyi, Tibet earthquake from linear elastic modeling of InSAR displacement［J］. Geophys J Int, 169(3):988-1008.
Jonsson S, Zebker H, Segall P, et al. 2002. Fault slip distribution of 1999 M_W7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurement［J］. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92(4):1377-1389.
Lasserre G C, Peltzer F, Crampe F, et al. 2005. Coseismic deformation of the 2001 M_W7.8 Kokoxili earthquake in Tibet, measured by synthetic aperture radar interferometry［J］. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 110(B12):1-18. doi:10.1029/2004JB003500.
Lohman R B, Simons M. 2005. Some thoughts on the use of InSAR data to constrain models of surface deformation:Noise structure and data downsampling［J］. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosysterms, 6(1):359-361. doi:10.1029/2004GC000841.
Massonnet D, Rossi M, Carmona C, et al., 1993. The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry［J］. Nature, 364(6433):138-142.
Okada Y. 1992. Internal deformation due to shear tensile faults in a half-space［J］. Bull Seism Soc Am, 82(2):1018-1040.
Okada Y. 1985. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile fault in a half-space［J］. Bull Seism Soc Am, 75:1135-1154.
Shen Z K, Sun J B, Zhang P Z, et al. 2009. Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake［J］. Nature Geoscience, 2(10):718-724. doi:10.1038/nego636.
Wang R, Motagh M, Walter T R. 2008. Inversion of slip distribution from coseismic deformation data by a sensitivity based iterative fitting(SBIF)method［J］. EGU General Assembly 2008, 10, EGU2008-A-07971.

[1]	LI Xi-bing, TAO Xiao-san, GU Qin-ping, PENG Xiao-bo, WANG Yu, ZHU Feng. P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE CRUST AND UPPER-MOST MANTLE IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF TANLU FAULT ZONE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATION [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2026, 48(2): 423-441.
[2]	WANG Xia, SONG Mei-qing, WU Hao-yu, LIANG Xiang-jun, LÜ Rui, GUO Wen-feng, ZHANG Na, LI Jin. STRESS FIELD IN SHANXI RIFT AND ITS DYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2026, 48(1): 257-277.
[3]	QIN You-sen, XU Xiao-bo, LI Yan-chuan, ZHANG Ying-feng, LIAN Da-jun, YANG Zhao-hui, CHEN Kai, RONG Xin-yue. MONITORING STUDY OF INTERSEISMIC DEFORMATION OF THE HAIYUAN FAULT ZONE BASED ON TIME SERIES INSAR [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(6): 1688-1707.
[4]	DAI Meng-xue, XU Rong-rong, ZHAO Fei-yu, PEI Jun-ling. ANALYSIS OF CRUSTAL STRUCTURE AND STRONG EARTH-QUAKE ACTIVITY OF THE IRANIAN PLATEAU BASED ON GRAVITY INVERSION IN SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(5): 1326-1342.
[5]	ZHANG Tian-ji, QIN Min, DANG Wen-jie, JIN Ming-pei, LI Feng-ying, YANG Li-wei. THE S-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF THE TENGCHONG-BAOSHAN REGION FROM JOINT INVERSION OF RECEIVER FUNCTION AND RAYLEIGH WAVE PHASE VELOCITY [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(5): 1364-1381.
[6]	WANG Shun, YAO Yuan, GAO Ming-xing. RESEARCH ON INTENSITY EVALUATION OF XINJIANG THRUST-TYPE EARTHQUAKES BASED ON INSAR COSEISMIC DEFORMATION FIELD [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(5): 1396-1415.
[7]	YANG Jian-wen, JIN Ming-pei, YE Beng, CHA Wen-jian, HEI He-tang. THREE-DIMENSIONAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEI-SMOGENIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE MIDDLE AND UPPER CRUST OF NORTHWEST YUNNAN FROM AMBIENT NOISE TOMOGRAPHY [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(4): 1113-1131.
[8]	XU Yue-yi, XU Bei-bei, XU Chen-yu, SHAO Zhi-gang, HU Chao-zhong. JOINT INVERSION OF THE 2025 DINGRI M_S6.8 EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE PROCESS BASED ON TELESEISMIC P WAVES, STRONG-MOTION AND INSAR DATA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(3): 734-746.
[9]	LIU Sheng, TAN Hong-bo, YANG Guang-liang, MENG Heng-zhou, QIN Hai-tao, WANG Jia-pei, HUANG Min-fu. INVERSION OF THE RUPTURE PROCESS OF THE XIZANG DINGRI M_W7.1 EARTHQUAKE IN 2025 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(3): 777-788.
[10]	WEI Zhan-yu, HE Hong-lin, DENG Ya-ting, XI Xi. THREE-DIMENSIONAL SURFACE COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENTS FROM DIFFERENCING PRE- AND POST-EARTHQUAKE TERRAIN POINT CLOUDS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 167-188.
[11]	ZHENG Qiu-yue, CHEN Zheng-yu, WU Yu-qin, HUANG Jiang-pei, LIU Dong, WANG Qing-hua. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRESTRIAL TIME-VARYING GRAVITY CHANGES AND EQUIVALENT SOURCE INVERSION ON THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 246-266.
[12]	XU Ying-cai, GUO Xiang-yun. MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2023 M_S5.5 PINGYUAN EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 284-305.
[13]	KONG Xiang-kui, LIU Dai-qin, AILIXIATI·Yushan, LI Jie, CHEN Li, LI Rui, CHEN Rong-liu. STUDY ON THE VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAVITY FIELD AND APPARENT DENSITY IN URUMQI AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(5): 1123-1150.
[14]	GUO Xiang-yun, FANG Li-hua, HAN Li-bo, LI Zhen-yue, LI Chun-lai, SU Shan. CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL MECHANISM AND STRESS FIELD IN THE EASTERN BOUNDARY OF THE SICHUAN-YUNNAN BLOCK [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(2): 371-396.
[15]	MIAO Si-yu, ZHANG Hai-jiang, GU Ning, LI Jun-lun, TAN Yu-yang, HUA Si-bo, ZHANG Yong. JOINT INVERSION OF THE RUPTURE PROCESS OF 2018 M_L5.7 XINGWEN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON SEISMIC AND INSAR OBSERVATIONS [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(2): 397-413.