TEXTUAL RESEARCH OF LUQU EARTHQUAKE IN 842 AD IN GANSU PROVINCE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CAUSATIVE STRUCTURE

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

An earthquake with M_S 6.6 occurred near the border between Minxian and Zhangxian counties in southeastern Gansu Province on July 22, 2013. This earthquake caused serious personnel casualties and property damages. According to the field investigation, the intensity of the epicenter area is about Ⅷ, the causative structure is a branch fault of the eastern segment of Lintan-Dangchang active fault.The southeastern region of Gansu Province is located at the eastern boundary of Tibetan active block. A series of strike-slip faults with thrust components are developed and their combination is complicated and a series of strong or even large earthquakes occurred in this area in the history and present-days, and one of them is the Luqu earthquake occurring in 842 AD at the boundary of Han and Tibet area(now the southeastern area of Gansu Province). The earthquake caused seismic rupture, spring gushing, landslip in the Minshan Mountains and countercurrent of the Taohe River for three days. According to the detail textual research of historical references and field investigation, the epicenter area of this earthquake locates at the Guanggaishan-Dieshan mountain area, at the border area between Luqu County, Zhuoni County and Diebu County in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The date of the Luqu earthquake is possibly on the 24^th day of the twelfth month of the second year of Huichang Reign in Tang Dynasty, that is, on January 31 or 27, 843 AD, and the magnitude of this earthquake is about 7～7 1/2 , the intensity near the epicenter area is about nine to ten. There are three late Quaternary active fault zones of thrust with left-lateral components, namely, Lintan-Dangcang Fault, Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault and Diebu-Bailongjiang Fault. According to the comparative analysis of the field investigation of active faults in recent years and present seismic activity, we think that Luqu earthquake is the result of new activity of Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault, the causative fault of this earthquake. This fault is an important branch fault of the eastern segment of northern boundary faults of Bayan Har block(Eastern Kunlun Fault zone), a main activity area of large earthquakes with magnitude larger than 7 in Chinese continent in the recent 10 years, and has the tectonic condition to generate M≥7 large earthquakes.

Key words: Luqu earthquake in 842 AD, historical earthquake textual research, seismogenic structure, Guanggaishan-Dieshan Fault

摘要：

唐会昌二年（公元842年），在中国西北的汉藏交界地区（现甘肃省东南部地区）发生了一次大地震，造成 “地震裂，水泉涌，岷山崩，洮水逆流三日”的严重震害。经过对这次地震史料的系统梳理、考证和综合分析，认为其极震区大致位于今甘肃省甘南藏族自治州碌曲、卓尼和迭部三县交界的光盖山—迭山山区，发震时间很可能为唐会昌二年十二月二十四日（公元843年1月31日或27日），震级可达7～7 1/2 级，震中烈度达Ⅸ～Ⅹ度。在这次地震破坏区附近发育了临潭-宕昌断裂、光盖山-迭山断裂和迭部-白龙江断裂等3条以挤压逆冲为主兼具左旋走滑特征的晚第四纪活动断裂带。根据近年来对上述断裂的最新考察结果和对该区现今小震活动的对比分析，认为这次地震应与其中的光盖山-迭山断裂西段的最新构造活动有关，为这次地震的发震断裂。光盖山-迭山断裂为中国大陆近10多年来7级以上大震主体活动区——巴颜喀拉块体北部边界断裂（东昆仑断裂）东段的重要分支断裂，具备发生7级以上大震的构造条件。

关键词: 842年碌曲地震, 历史地震考证, 发震断裂, 光盖山-迭山断裂

CLC Number:

P316

YUAN Dao-yang, LEI Zhong-sheng, LIU Xing-wang, XIE Hong, SU Qi. TEXTUAL RESEARCH OF LUQU EARTHQUAKE IN 842 AD IN GANSU PROVINCE AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CAUSATIVE STRUCTURE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2014, 36(3): 609-624.

袁道阳, 雷中生, 刘兴旺, 谢虹, 苏琦. 公元842年甘肃碌曲地震考证与发震构造分析[J]. 地震地质, 2014, 36(3): 609-624.

References

甘肃省地图集编纂办公室. 1975. 中华人民共和国甘肃省地图集
[Z]. 上海中华印刷厂印刷.
Compiling Office of the Atlas of Gansu Province. 1975. The Atlas of Gansu Province of the Peoples Republic of China
[Z]. Zhonghua Printing House, Shanghai(in Chinese).
顾功叙主编. 1983. 中国地震目录
[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
GU Gong-xu(ed). 1983. Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes
[M]. Science Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
郭增建, 秦保燕, 徐文耀, 等. 1973. 震源孕育模式的初步讨论
[J]. 地球物理学报, 16(1): 43-48.
GUO Zeng-jian, QIN Bao-yan, XU Wen-yao, et al. 1973. Preliminary study on a model for the development of the focus of an earthquake
[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica, 16(1): 43-48.
国家地震局地球物理研究所, 复旦大学中国历史地理研究所. 1990. 中国历史地震图集(远古至元时期)
[Z]. 北京: 中国地图出版社.
Institute of Geophysics, SSB, Institute of Chinese Historical Geography, Fudan University. 1990. Atlas of Historical Earthquakes in China(from ancient times to Yuan Dynasty)
[Z]. Cartographic Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所. 1985. 陕甘宁青四省(区)强震目录
[M]. 西安: 陕西科技出版社. 12-13.
Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, SSB. 1985. Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai Provinces(Autonomous Region)
[M]. Shaanxi Science and Technology Press, Xi'an. 12-13(in Chinese).
国家地震局兰州地震研究所. 1989. 甘肃省地震资料汇编
[M]. 北京: 地震出版社. 30-31.
Lanzhou Institute of Seismology. SSB. 1989. Summary of the Gansu Historical Earthquake Records
[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing.30-31(in Chinese).
国家地震局震害防御司. 1995. 中国历史强地震目录
[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.508.
Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department, SSB. 1995. Catalogue of Chinese Strong Historical Earthquakes
[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing.508(in Chinese).
韩竹军, 向宏发, 冉勇康. 2001. 青藏高原东缘礼县-罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来的活动性分析
[J]. 地震地质, 23(1): 43-48.
HAN Zhu-jun, XIANG Hong-fa, RAN Yong-kang. 2001. Activity analysis of Lixian-Luojiabu Fault zone in the east boundary of Tibetan plateau since the late Pleistocene
[J]. Seismology and Geology, 23(1): 43-48(in Chinese).
何文贵, 周志宇, 马尔曼, 等. 2006. 岷县-卓尼5.0级地震的基本特征和地质背景研究
[J]. 地震研究, 29(4): 373-378.
HE Wen-gui, ZHOU Zhi-yu, MA Er-man, et al. 2006. Basic features and geological background of the Minxian-Zhuoni M5.0 earthquake on Sep.7, 2004
[J]. Journal of Seismological Research, 29(4): 373-378(in Chinese).
何文贵, 郑文俊, 王爱国, 等. 2013. 临潭-宕昌断裂新活动特征与岷县漳县M_S 6.6地震关系研究
[J]. 地震工程学报, 35(4): 751-760.
HE Wen-gui, ZHENG Wen-jun, WANG Ai-guo, et al. 2013. New activity of Lintan-Dangchang Fault and its relations to Minxian-Zhangxian M_S 6.6 earthquake
[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 35(4): 751-760(in Chinese).
侯康明, 雷中生, 万夫岭, 等. 2005. 1879年武都南8级大地震及其同震破裂研究
[J]. 中国地震, 21(3): 295-310.
HOU Kang-ming, LEI Zhong-sheng, WAN Fu-ling, et al. 2005. Research on the 1879 southern Wudu M 8.0 earthquake and its coseismic ruptures
[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 21(3): 295-310(in Chinese).
M7专项工作组. 2012. 中国大陆大地震中-长期危险性研究
[M]. 北京: 地震出版社. 208-209.
M7 Project Working Group. 2012. Study on the Mid- to Long-term Potential of Large Earthquakes on the Chinese Continent
[M]. Seismological Press, Beijing.208-209(in Chinese).
秦保燕, 陈家超, 冯霞英. 1989. 利用现代小震活动性资料确定历史大震震源区
[J]. 地震, 1: 19-23.
QIN Bao-yan, CHEN Jia-chao, FENG Xia-ying. 1989. Determination of locations and magnitude of the great historical earthquakes using activity data of modern small shocks
[J]. Earthquake, 1: 19-23(in Chinese).
谭其骧. 1982. 中国历史地图集(第五册)
[Z]. 北京: 地图出版社. 61-62.
TAN Qi-xiang(ed). 1982. The Historical Atlas of China(Vol 5)
[Z]. Sinomaps Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
王兰民, 吴志坚. 2013. 岷县漳县6.6级地震震害特征及其启示
[J]. 地震工程学报, 35(3): 401-412.
WANG Lan-min, WU Zhi-jian. 2013. Earthquake damage characteristics of the Minxian-Zhangxian M_S 6.6 earthquake and its lessons
[J]. China Earthquake Engineering Journal, 35(3): 401-412(in Chinese).
王泽皋. 1985. 大震区的 "长期活动"
[J]. 地震学报, 7(3): 255-258.
WANG Ze-gao. 1985. The "Long-term activity" of large earthquake aera
[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 7(3): 255-258(in Chinese).
谢毓寿, 蔡美彪主编. 1983. 中国地震历史资料汇编(第一卷)
[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. 96.
XIE Yu-shou, CAI Mei-biao(eds). 1983. Summary of the Chinese Historical Earthquake Records(Vol 1)
[M]. Science Press, Beijing. 96(in Chinese).
袁道阳, 雷中生, 何文贵, 等. 2007. 公元前186年武都地震考证与发震构造分析
[J]. 地震学报, 29(6): 654-663.
YUAN Dao-yang, LEI Zhong-sheng, HE Wen-gui, et al. 2007. Textual research of Wudu earthquake in 186 BC in Gansu Province, China and discussion on its causative structure
[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 29(6): 654-663(in Chniese).
袁道阳, 张培震, 刘百篪, 等. 2004. 青藏高原东北缘晚第四纪活动构造的几何图像与构造转换
[J]. 地质学报, 78(2): 270-278.
YUAN Dao-yang, ZHANG Pei-zhen, LIU Bai-chi, et al. 2004. Geometrical imagery and transformation of late Quaternary active tectonics in northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau
[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(2): 270-278(in Chinese).
张军龙, 任金卫, 付俊东, 等. 2012. 东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义
[J]. 地震, 32(1): 1-16.
ZHANG Jun-long, REN Jin-wei, FU Jun-dong, et al. 2012. Earthquake rupture features and tectonic significance of the Tazang Fault in the eastern part of the east Kunlun Fault zone
[J]. Earthquake, 32(1): 1-16(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 雷中生, 袁道阳, 等. 2007. 1573年甘肃岷县地震史料考证与发震构造探讨
[J]. 中国地震, 23(1): 75-83.
ZHENG Wen-jun, LEI Zhong-sheng, YUAN Dao-yang, et al. 2007. Textual research on the historical data of the 1573 AD Minxian earthquake in Gansu Province and discussion on its seismogenic structure
[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 23(1): 75-83(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 刘小凤, 赵广坤, 等. 2005. 2003年11月13日甘肃岷县M_S5.2地震基本特征
[J]. 西北地震学报, 27(1): 61-65.
ZHENG Wen-jun, LIU Xiao-feng, ZHAO Guang-kun, et al. 2005. Principal features of M_S 5.2 earthquake in Gansu Province, on Nov.13, 2003
[J]. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 27(1): 61-65(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 闵伟, 何文贵, 等. 2013a. 2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析
[J]. 地震地质, 35(3): 604-615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.014.
ZHENG Wen-jun, MIN Wei, HE Wen-gui, et al. 2013a. Distribution of the related disaster and the causative tectonic of the Minxian-Zhangxian M_S 6.6 earthquake on July 22, 2013, Gansu, China
[J]. Seismology and Geology, 35(3): 604-615(in Chinese).
郑文俊, 袁道阳, 何文贵, 等. 2013b. 甘肃东南地区构造活动与2013年岷县-漳县M_S 6.6地震孕震机制
[J]. 地球物理学报, 56(12): 4058-4071. doi: 10.6038/cjg20131211.
ZHENG Wen-jun, YUAN Dao-yang, HE Wen-gui, et al. 2013b. Geometric pattern and active tectonics in southeastern Gansu Province: Discussion on seismogenic mechanism of the Minxian-Zhangxian M_S 6.6 earthquake on July 22, 2013
[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 56(12): 405-4071 (in Chinese).

[1]	ZHANG Bo, WANG Ai-guo, FENG Zi-wei, HE Xiao-long, ZHU Jun-wen, YAO Yun-sheng, CAI Yi-meng. SEIMOTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF 2023 JISHISHAN M_S6.2 EARTHQUAKE IN GANSU PROVINCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(6): 1586-1605.
[2]	DAI Zong-hui, QU Jun-hao, XU Ning, LI Cui-qin, LI Dong-mei, YIN Yu-zhen. THREE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE FOR THE 2023 WEISHAN EARTHQUAKE SWARM [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(6): 1649-1666.
[3]	LI Ting-ting, MIAO Fa-jun, SUN Ye-jun, FAN Wen-hua, GONG Jie, GU Qin-ping, DU Hang, SUN Xiao-hang, ZHANG Cen, LI Zi-ye. THREE-DIMENSIONAL WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE FOR THE JIANGDU EARTHQUAKE SWARM IN JIANGSU [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(5): 1343-1363.
[4]	LI Lin-lin, JIANG Wen-liang, LI De-wen, JIAO Qi-song, LUO Yi, LI Yong-sheng, TIAN Yun-feng, LI Ying-ying. SURFACE RUPTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE JISHISHAN M_S6.2 EARTHQUAKE ON DECEMBER 18, 2023 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(4): 1058-1074.
[5]	ZHOU Ben-wei, FANG Li-hua, ZHANG Li-fen, WANG Jie, WANG Shi-guang, LIU Hua-biao. CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPLETE EARTHQUAKE CATALOG OF THE THREE GORGES SEISMIC NETWORK USING PALM AND THE GENESIS MECHANISM OF THE BADONG EARTHQUAKE SWARM FROM 2017 TO 2018 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(4): 1152-1166.
[6]	CHEN Han-lin, WANG Qin-cai, GAO Jin-rui, LI Jun. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2025 XIZANG DINGRI M_S6.8 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(3): 747-760.
[7]	YIN Xin-xin, ZUO Ke-zhen, ZHAO Cui-ping, CAI Run. RELOCATION AND FORESHOCK SEQUENCE IDENTIFICATION OF DINGRI M_S6.8 EARTHQUAKE IN XIZANG [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(3): 850-868.
[8]	WANG Xue-zhu, WU Chuan-yong, LIU Jian-ming, ZANG Ke-zhi, YUAN Hai-yang, GAO Zhan, ZHANG Jin-shuo, MA Yun-xiao. EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE RELOCATION AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2024 M_S7.1 WUSHI EARTHQUAKE ON JANUARY 23, 2024, XINJIANG [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(2): 488-506.
[9]	XU Ying-cai, GUO Xiang-yun. MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2023 M_S5.5 PINGYUAN EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(1): 284-305.
[10]	WANG Xin, ZHANG Ke, WANG Yue. CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE M_S5.9 AND M_S4.7 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCES IN ALUKEERQIN BANNER, INNER MONGOLIA [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(6): 1314-1331.
[11]	CHEN Han-lin, WANG Qin-cai, ZHANG Jin-chuan, LIU Rui-feng. DISCUSSION ON SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE JUNE 2022 M_S6.1 EARTHQUAKE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE APRIL 2013 M_S7.0 EARTHQUAKE IN LUSHAN, SICHUAN PROVINCE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(5): 1233-1246.
[12]	FU Ying, HU Bin, ZHAO Min, LONG Feng. PRECISE LOCATION AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE 2022 LUSHAN M_S6.1 EARTHQUAKE [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(4): 987-1005.
[13]	LIU Bai-yun, ZHAO Li, LIU Yun-yun, WANG Wen-cai, ZHANG Wei-dong. THE RESEARCH ON RELOCATION AND FAULT PLANE SOLUTION AND GEOMETRIC MEANING OF THE MADUO M7.4 EARTHQUAKE ON 22 MAY 2021 [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(2): 500-516.
[14]	ZHAO De-zheng, QU Chun-yan, ZHANG Gui-fang, GONG Wen-yu, SHAN Xin-jian, ZHU Chuan-hua, ZHANG Guo-hong, SONG Xiao-gang. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES FOR THE COSEISMIC DEFORMA-TION OBSERVATIONS, EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE INVESTIGATION USING INSAR [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(2): 570-592.
[15]	ZHANG Ke, WANG Xin, YANG Hong-ying, WANG Yue, XU Yan, LI Jing. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE 2021 YANGBI M_S6.4 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE, YUNNAN [J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2023, 45(1): 231-251.