小江断裂带南段全新世活动的地质地貌证据与滑动速率

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2017.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小江断裂带南段位于近SN向的鲜水河-小江断裂系与NW向的红河-哀牢山断裂系的交会地带。在遥感影像上，小江断裂带南段线状特征清楚，且连续分布，表现为1条贯通的、单一的断裂构造，全长约70km，总体走向N20°E左右，中间呈略向E凸出的弧形。在龙潭村两岔河一带，沿着该断裂段存在比较典型的山脊、冲沟同步左旋位错现象。在跨断塞塘开挖的探槽剖面上，断裂分布状况、断错地层的沉积学特征、产状变化以及初步年代测试结果揭示了3次明显断错地表的古地震事件，显示了小江断裂带南段具有重复孕育和发生强震的能力。利用Trimble 5800GPS实时差分测量系统，对两岔河地区存在典型同步位错特征的2条冲沟及其它们中间的台地进行了精细测量，位错量为（18.3±0.5）m；T₂阶地面是断裂西盘2条冲沟之间及其邻近地带的最高层状地貌面，通过不同深度年代数据的线性回归分析，该地貌面停止接受沉积的时代约为2606aBP。根据地质方法获得了小江断裂带南段全新世左旋走滑速率为（7.02±0.20）mm/a，与利用GPS数据获得的结果有着较好的一致性。对小江断裂带南段活动性和滑动速率的初步研究结果表明，在滇东南地区不存在川滇块体向S或SSE方向滑移被曲江断裂和石屏-建水断裂挤压变形吸收、而使得小江断裂带南段左旋走滑速率大幅度减小的现象，该断裂段是1条活动性明显的全新世断裂。这些初步认识为小江断裂带南段的未来地震危险性评价以及川滇地区的地震构造模型建立和检验提供了可以借鉴的基础地质资料。

关键词: 小江断裂带南段, 全新世活动, 滑动速率, 古地震事件

Abstract:

The southern segment of the Xiaojiang Fault (SSXF) is located at the intersection of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault and Red River-Ailao Shan fault systems in the southeast margin of the Tibetan plateau. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing image, the SSXF clearly shows the linear feature and continuous distribution as a single, penetrating fault. It has a total length of about 70km, trends generally about 20° to the northeast and protrudes slightly in the middle to the east. A typically geomorphologic phenomenon about the synchronous left-lateral dislocation of ridges and gullies can be found at Liangchahe, Longtan Village along the SSXF. The distribution of faults, the sedimentary features, attitude variance and the primary dating results of the offset strata in the trench section across fault sag ponds reveal three paleoseismic events rupturing obviously the surface, which demonstrates that the SSXF has the ability of recurrence of strong earthquakes. High-precision topographic map about two gullies and the platform between them with synchronous dislocation is acquired by using the Trimble 5800 GPS real-time difference measurement system. The dislocation is (18.3±0.5)m. As the top geomorphologic surface between the above two gullies and their adjacent area, the terrace surface T₂ stopped accepting deposits at ~2606a, based on the linear regression analysis of three dating data. According to the geological method, a sinistral strike-slip rate of (7.02±0.20)mm/a on the SSXF in the Holocene is obtained, which has a good consistency with the results provided by using GPS data. The preliminary results about the Holocene activity and slip rate of the SSXF demonstrate that the southward or south-southeast motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in the SE Yunnan region has not been absorbed by the possible shortening deformation and the sinistral strike-slip rate of the SSXF has not been drastically reduced. The SSXF is a Holocene fault with obvious activity. This preliminary understanding provides some basic geological data for the seismic risk evaluation of the SSXF in the future, and for the establishment and inspection of the seismotectonic model about the Sichuan-Yunnan block.

Key words: the southern segment of Xiaojiang Fault (SSXF), the Holocene activity, slip rate, paleoseismic event

中图分类号:

P315.2

韩竹军, 董绍鹏, 毛泽斌, 呼楠, 谭锡斌, 袁仁茂, 郭鹏. 小江断裂带南段全新世活动的地质地貌证据与滑动速率[J]. 地震地质, 2017, 39(1): 1-19.

HAN Zhu-jun, DONG Shao-peng, MAO Ze-bin, HU Nan, TAN Xi-bin, YUAN Ren-mao, GUO Peng. THE HOLOCENE ACTIVITY AND STRIKE-SLIP RATE OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF XIAOJIANG FAULT IN THE SOUTHEASTERN YUNNAN REGION, CHINA[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2017, 39(1): 1-19.

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