天山内部那拉提断裂带全新世活动证据

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.04.004

地震地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 821-836.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.04.004

天山内部那拉提断裂带全新世活动证据

王雷¹^,²^,³^,⁴⁾(), 任治坤¹^,²⁾^,^*(), 何仲太¹^,²⁾, 计昊旻¹^,²⁾, 刘金瑞¹^,²⁾, 郭龙⁵⁾, 李兴奥⁵⁾

¹⁾ 中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
²⁾ 中国地震局地质研究所, 活动构造与火山实验室, 北京 100029
³⁾ 山东省地震局, 济南 250102
⁴⁾ 山东省震灾风险防治中心, 济南 250014
⁵⁾ 应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院, 北京 100085

收稿日期:2023-12-12 修回日期:2024-01-08 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-23
通讯作者: 任治坤
作者简介:
王雷, 男, 1988年生, 工程师, 现为中国地震局地质研究所构造地质学专业在读博士研究生, 主要从事活动构造、地震地质与纳米构造研究, E-mail: wangleifz0421@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U2239202); 科技部项目(2021FY100103); 山东省地震局科技创新团队培育专项(TD202303); 山东省地震局科研项目(YB2406); 山东省地震局科研项目(YB2106); 山东省地震局科研项目(YW2303); 山东省地震局科研项目(YW2304)

EVIDENCE OF HOLOCENE ACTIVITY OF NALATI FAULT ZONE WITHIN THE TIANSHAN

WANG Lei¹^,²^,³^,⁴⁾(), REN Zhi-kun¹^,²⁾^,^*(), HE Zhong-tai¹^,²⁾, JI Hao-min¹^,²⁾, LIU Jin-rui¹^,²⁾, GUO Long⁵⁾, LI Xing-ao⁵⁾

¹⁾ State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
²⁾ Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
³⁾ Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250102, China
⁴⁾ Earthquake Risk Prevention and Control of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China
⁵⁾ National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2023-12-12 Revised:2024-01-08 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-09-23
Contact: REN Zhi-kun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天山山脉横跨欧亚板块, 新构造时期强烈隆升。近年来已有研究表明, 天山内部的那拉提断裂带东段全新世活动强烈。然而, 针对那拉提断裂带其他段落的活动构造研究仍处于空白。文中选取特克斯段作为突破口, 通过遥感解译、地质调查、无人机航测、探槽开挖和¹⁴C测年, 获得以下认识: 1)那拉提断裂带特克斯段线性构造地貌特征清晰, 可识别出断层崖、断层三角面、断层陡坎、鼓包、闸门脊、垭口、关门山、定向左旋错动的山脊和冲沟等断层地貌标志; 2)基于无人机测图和LaDiCaoz半自动位错测量分析程序, 获得水平最小位错量为3.4m; 3)断裂发育于元古代和古生代地层中, 探槽揭露了半山腰处的断塞塘沉积事件, 剖面中至少记录了4次古地震事件; 4)¹⁴C测年结果显示, 深约2m处样品的¹⁴C测年结果约为(7.06±0.03)ka BP, 最新一次形成的崩积楔的¹⁴C测年结果约为(1.67±0.03)ka BP; 5)利用OxCal年龄校正, 在95.4%置信度下确定4次古地震事件的年龄范围: 事件E1为2757BC—413AD、事件E2为3581—429BC、事件E3为4702—3932BC、事件E4为5742—5230BC。综上分析认为, 全新世以来那拉提断裂带中段仍然活动强烈。

关键词: 天山, 那拉提断裂带, 特克斯, 全新世活动

Abstract:

The Tianshan orogenic belt, extending across the Euro-Asian plates, is one of the most significant intracontinental orogenic belts globally. Spanning over 2 500km, it traverses China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan from east to west. The belt has been continuously uplifted due to the collision of the India-Eurasia plate during the Cenozoic era. The Tianshan is divided into three segments: North Tianshan, Middle Tianshan, and South Tianshan. The crust in this tectonic region is being shortened in the north-south direction, and a series of NEE-trending or NWW-trending strike-slip faults have developed to accommodate the deformation. The Nalati fault zone serves as the collision suture between the Central Tianshan block and the Tarim block and marks the boundary between Central and South Tianshan. This fault zone trends NEE and extends southwest into Kyrgyzstan, connecting to the Nikolayev line. Its eastern segment is located north of the Dayouludusi basin. The north-south shortening rate is approximately 2.0mm/a, and the horizontal strike-slip rate is about 2.9mm/a. Reports indicate a north-south shortening rate of 0.8-1.1mm/a since the late Quaternary, suggesting it is a significant Holocene active fault zone. However, research on this fault zone's activity is limited, with most studies focused on its eastern segment. Research on other sections remains scarce.
This study focuses on the middle segment of the Nalati fault zone in Tekes county, Ili Prefecture. The Tekes section trends ENE, starting from Qiongkushitai village in the east, passing through Kalatuori, Ayakeaqia, and Kalawenkeer, and reaching Burili in the west, spanning approximately 55km. Methods employed include remote sensing image interpretation, field geological investigation, UAV aerial surveys, trench excavation, Radiocarbon-14 dating, and semi-automatic horizontal dislocation measurement. The main findings are as follows: 1)The linear geomorphological features of the Tekes segment are prominent, with typical fault geomorphological signs such as fault cliffs, triangles, scarps, bulges, gate ridges, passes, guanmen mountains, and left-lateral dislocation ridges and gullies widely observed.; 2)Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Mapping and LaDiCaoz semi-automatic dislocation measurement and analysis indicate a minimum horizontal displacement of approximately 3.4m; 3)Faults are developed in the Proterozoic and Paleozoic strata. A trench 4m long and 1.6m wide excavated at a series of fault reverse scarps revealed a sedimentary event of the sag pond at the hillside, indicating at least four paleo-earthquake events; 4)To date the paleo-earthquake events, we collected 11 sediment samples for Radiocarbon-14 dating at the BETA Analytic laboratory. Results show that the sample at a depth of 2m is about(7.06±0.03)ka BP, and the latest colluvial wedge is about(1.67±0.03)ka BP; 5)Using OxCal age correction, the ages of the four paleo-earthquake events were determined at a 95.4%confidence level: event E1 occurred between 2757BC and 413AD, event E2 between 3581BC and 429BC, event E3 between 4702BC and 3932BC, and event E4 between 5742BC and 5230BC. In summary, we propose that the middle segment of the Nalati fault zone has been active since the Holocene.

Key words: Tianshan, Nalati fault zone, Tekes, Holocene activity

王雷, 任治坤, 何仲太, 计昊旻, 刘金瑞, 郭龙, 李兴奥. 天山内部那拉提断裂带全新世活动证据[J]. 地震地质, 2024, 46(4): 821-836.

WANG Lei, REN Zhi-kun, HE Zhong-tai, JI Hao-min, LIU Jin-rui, GUO Long, LI Xing-ao. EVIDENCE OF HOLOCENE ACTIVITY OF NALATI FAULT ZONE WITHIN THE TIANSHAN[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2024, 46(4): 821-836.

图/表 11

图 1 天山地区地震构造图震源机制解数据来自全球CMT目录搜索网站①(① https://www.globalemt.org/CMTsearch.html。); 地震事件数据来自国家地震科学数据中心网站②(② https://data.earthquake.cn/index.html。)

Fig. 1 Seismo-tectonic map of the Tianshan region.

图 2 那拉提断裂带特克斯段沿线的地质构造图地质底图据新疆维吾尔自治区1︰250 000科克铁热克幅建造构造图

Fig. 2 Geological map of the Tekes segment within the Narati fault zone.

表1 探槽年代样品数据

Table1 Dating samples collected from the trench

样品编号	实验室编号	样品类别	测试方法	年龄/ka
KL-TC-¹⁴C-02	670067	泥炭	AMS	4.72±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-03	670068	泥炭	AMS	6.38±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-04	670069	泥炭	AMS	5.82±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-05	670070	有机质	AMS	5.14±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-06	670071	泥炭	AMS	5.94±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-09	670074	有机质	AMS	7.06±0.03
KL-TC-¹⁴C-11	670076	有机质	AMS	1.67±0.03

图 3 断裂F1的卫星影像特征

Fig. 3 Characteristics of the F1 fault on satellite image.

图 4 喀拉托日西南3.2km处Mapbox卫星影像及断层的地貌解译

Fig. 4 Mapbox satellite image and corresponding fault geomorphic interpretation to about 3.2km southwest of Kalatuori.

图 5 喀拉温克尔西3km处断层的地貌解译 a 底图来自Google Earth卫星影像; b 山体阴影图, 来自小型无人机航测获取的高精度DEM数据; c 基于山体阴影图数据解译的断层

Fig. 5 Google Earth satellite image and Hillshade map of the high-resolution DEM and corresponding fault geomorphic interpretation to about 3km west of Kalawenkeer.

图 6 野外地貌照片及断层的地貌解译

Fig. 6 On-site photograph and corresponding geomorphic interpretation of the F1 fault.

图 7 科克苏河附近断层的地貌特征照片

Fig. 7 Photos showing geomorphic features of the F1 fault nearby the Kekesu River.

图 8 跨断裂F1探槽剖面

Fig. 8 Trench profile across the F1 fault.

图 9 探槽中断层典型位置局部放大

Fig. 9 Local amplification of the typical locations of faults in a trench excavation.

图 10 利用OxCal4.4软件对4次古地震事件序列进行年龄校正分析结果图

Fig. 10 Four paleoseismic event sequences resulted from radiocarbon age measurements and analysis with Oxal 4.4 software.

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天山内部那拉提断裂带全新世活动证据

EVIDENCE OF HOLOCENE ACTIVITY OF NALATI FAULT ZONE WITHIN THE TIANSHAN

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