山西中南部中小地震震源机制应力特征和地震活动相关性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.04.20240044

地震地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 1222-1243.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.04.20240044

山西中南部中小地震震源机制应力特征和地震活动相关性分析

董春丽¹^,²⁾(), 郭文峰¹^,²⁾, 刘瑞春¹^,²⁾^,^*(), 丁大业¹^,²⁾

1)太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 太原 030025
2)山西省地震局, 太原 030021

收稿日期:2024-04-11 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-10-09
通讯作者: *刘瑞春, 男, 1982年生, 研究员, 主要从事地壳方面的研究, E-mail: wavelet1982@163.com。
作者简介:
董春丽, 女, 1974年生, 2001年山西大学计算机科学技术与应用专业学士学位, 高级工程师, 现主要从事地震监测和数字应用方面的研究, E-mail: nzy2001@126.com。
基金资助:
山西太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站项目(NORSTY2021-06); 山西省地震局科研项目(SBK-2220); 山西省基础研究计划(自然科学研究面上项目)(202103021224438); 中国地震局震情跟踪定向工作任务(2024010115)

STRESS CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY CORRE-LATION OF SMALL TO MEDIUM EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MECHANISMS IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PART OF SHANXI PROVINCE

DONG Chun-li¹^,²⁾(), GUO Wen-feng¹^,²⁾, LIU Rui-chun¹^,²⁾^,^*(), DING Da-ye¹^,²⁾

1)National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan, Taiyuan Seismic Station, Taiyuan 030025, China
2)Shanxi Earthquake Agency, Taiyuan 030021, China

Received:2024-04-11 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中选用山西地区丰富的地震资料, 利用P波初动加振幅比方法, 计算得到山西中南部及邻省附近区域2009年以来rms≤0.45的314次中小地震的震源机制解。通过分析这些震源机制解参数, 得到了研究区现今构造应力场, 总体为NEE-SWW向的近水平挤压与NNW-SSE向的水平拉伸; 震源类型以正断、走滑、正走滑型为主, 兼有少量逆断型和逆走滑型, 且多位于临汾和长治一带。针对山西中南部分区的研究结果表明, 太原、临汾、运城和长治不同构造断陷区之间存在应力差异和震源类型差异, 该差异与太原和运城2个盆地处于山西地堑系的拉张扩展部位、临汾盆地处于剪切部位相吻合, 是各区局部特殊的构造、不同的地质环境和周围应力调整变化的体现。文中进一步探讨了在现今区域应力环境下, 这些构造区内中小地震活动的关联性, 认为目前山西南部可能是未来中等地震活动跃迁的重点区域, 需引起重视。

关键词: Snoke方法, CAP方法, 震源机制分区特征, 构造应力场, 地震活动

Abstract:

Studying the spatial variation characteristics of the tectonic stress field, the trend and micro-dynamic changes of seismic activity in the central and southern part of Shanxi Province is of great significance for exploring the tectonic deformation, seismic environment, stress interaction and dynamic transmission between different parts of the “S”-shaped Shanxi fault depression zone gradually tearing from south to north, and the rules of group transition of moderate earthquakes. It also has important reference value for reflecting the stress changes and seismic activity trends in the North China region. In this study, seismic waveform data with M_L≥2.4 recorded by the Shanxi digital seismic network from January 2009 to August 2023 in the region of 34.3°N to 38.2°N and 111.0°E to 114.1°E were selected, and the source mechanism solutions of 314 minor to medium earthquakes with rms ≤0.45 were obtained using the P-wave first-motion polarity method. By analyzing the parameters of these earthquake source mechanism solutions, the spatial distribution characteristics of the source mechanisms and the zonal characteristics of the current tectonic stress field in the study area were obtained, and the correlation analysis of seismic activity in different zones was conducted, with the following specific understandings: 1)The current tectonic stress field in the central and southern part of Shanxi Province has a relatively stable stress orientation, with the overall characteristics of horizontal extension in the north-northwest-south-southeast direction and near-horizontal compression in the northeast-southwest direction, which is basically consistent with the tectonic stress field in North China; and the consistency of tensile stress is higher than that of compressive stress, indicating that regional overall extension is stronger than compression, and there also exists small-scale local unique and complex stress environments, such as the extensional stress in Changzhi Basin is nearly north-south, and compressive stress occurs in multiple directions such as northeast, east-northeast, and west-northwest; 2)The earthquake source types in the study area are mainly normal faulting, strike-slip, and normal strike-slip, with a small number of thrust and reverse strike-slip types. The earthquakes with reverse faulting type sources are the least prevalent in the Taiyuan area and are mainly concentrated in the Linfen, Changzhi, and Yuncheng areas south of 37°N, among which Linfen has the highest occurrence. This overall pattern is consistent with the extensional environment of the Shanxi region, and the local differences in earthquake source types are manifestations of the different local structures and geological environments, as well as the different surrounding stress influencing factors. 3)The M_L≥4.0 earthquake activities in the Shanxi region show spatial north-south transitions and quasi-synchronous changes over time, forming characteristics of continuous group activities lasting about a year. During the period of seismic north-south jumping and alternating group triggering, the Changzhi area will also experience earthquakes of approximately M_L3.0, often occurring concurrently with or preceding earthquakes in the Linfen area. Moreover, the seismic activity rhythms in the Yuncheng, Linfen, and Changzhi areas are more closely aligned, especially in the synchronicity between the Linfen and Changzhi areas, indicating a mutual carrying rhythm. This indicates that the Changzhi area is sensitive to stress. Combined with the increasing number of earthquakes of about M_L3.0 in Changzhi area in recent years, the characteristics of more earthquake activities in the central and northern parts of Shanxi occurring in uplifted areas, and the new trends of earthquake activities in 2023, the initiation of a new round of M_L 4 earthquake activities, it is believed that the earthquake risk in the southern part of Shanxi is relatively higher and should be given sufficient attention.

Key words: the Snoke method, CAP method, zonational characteristics of focal mechanisms, tectonic stress field, seismicity

董春丽, 郭文峰, 刘瑞春, 丁大业. 山西中南部中小地震震源机制应力特征和地震活动相关性分析[J]. 地震地质, 2025, 47(4): 1222-1243.

DONG Chun-li, GUO Wen-feng, LIU Rui-chun, DING Da-ye. STRESS CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY CORRE-LATION OF SMALL TO MEDIUM EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MECHANISMS IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PART OF SHANXI PROVINCE[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(4): 1222-1243.

图/表 15

图1 山西中南部及周边区域地质构造图

Fig. 1 Geotectonic map of south-central Shanxi and its surrounding areas.

图2 研究区台站分布和314次地震震中分布图图中震中分布标注序号的6次ML≥4.0地震与右上角从右向左的6次震源机制解沙滩球对应, 上排红色的沙滩球为Snoke方法的结果, 下排暗红色的沙滩球为CAP方法的结果

Fig. 2 Distribution of stations in the study area and 314 earthquake epicenters.

图3 314次ML≥2.4地震震源机制解震级分段统计

Fig. 3 Statistical analysis of magnitude segments of 314 earthquake source mechanism solutions with ML≥2.4.

表1 本研究4个分区震源机制解地震震级分段统计频次表

Table1 Frequency of earthquake magnitude segments for source mechanism solutions in four study zones

震级段	太原区	临汾区	长治区	运城区	合计
2.4~2.9	66	67	15	20	168
3.0~3.9	61	35	16	20	132
4.0~4.9	6	2	0	4	12
5.0~5.9	1	0	0	1	2
合计	134	104	31	45	314

图4 震源机制解应力轴参数和节面参数归一统计图(橘色为节面Ⅰ, 绿色为节面Ⅱ)

Fig. 4 Normalized statistical chart of stress axis parameters and Fault Plane parameters for source mechanism solutions(grey represents node surface Ⅰ and black represents node surface Ⅱ).

表2 由震源机制解显示的山西中南部分区的优势应力轴特征

Table2 The characteristics of the dominant stress axis in the central-southern region of Shanxi as indicated by focal mechanism solutions

震源机制解参数		太原区	临汾区	长治区	运城区
P轴	方位	NE—NEE	NNE—NEE	NEE-SWW	SWW-NEE
	倾伏角	30°~70°	0°~60°	30°~40°	30°~50°
T轴	方位	NW—NNW	NW—NNW	NNW-SSE	NW—NNW
	倾伏角	<30°	<40°	10°,40°	<60°
B轴	方位	NEE-SWW	以NEE-SWW为主	NW	SW、NNE、NEE
	倾伏角	<60°	<60°	<60°	<60°

图5 研究区内应力场P轴、 T轴空间水平投影分布图图中虚线框为研究区应力轴方向特殊的区域

Fig. 5 Spatial horizontal projection distribution map of stress field P-axis and T-axis in the study area.

图6 本研究中314次地震震源机制解的空间分布图

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution map of 314 earthquake source mechanism solutions in this study.

表3 根据P、 B、 T轴倾角判断应力类型的方法(Zoback, 1992)

Table3 Stress regime characterization based on plunge(pl) of P, B and T axes(Zoback, 1992)

倾角			震源类型
P轴/(°)	B轴/(°)	T轴/(°)	震源类型
pl≥52	pl≤35	NF(正断)
40≤pl<52		pl≤20	NS(正走滑)
pl<40	pl≥45°	pl≤20	SS(走滑)
pl≤20	pl≥45°	pl<40	SS(走滑)
pl≤20		40≤pl<52	TS(逆走滑)
pl≤35		pl≥52	TF(逆断)

表4 本研究震源机制分区分类统计表

Table4 Classification and statistical table of source mechanism solutions in this study by zones

类型	频次				合计	比例/%
类型	长治区	临汾区	运城区	太原区	合计	比例/%
NF	4	31	12	64	111	35.35
NS	9	10	5	10	34	10.83
SS	5	27	7	30	69	21.98
TF	5	19	6	3	33	10.51
TS	1	3	2	2	8	2.54
U	7	14	13	25	59	18.79
合计	31	104	45	134	314	100.00

图7 314次地震震源类型统计图

Fig. 7 Statistical chart of source types for 314 earthquakes in this study.

表5 CAP方法使用的地壳速度模型

Table5 Crustal velocity model using the CAP method

地层	层厚/km	v_P/km·s^-1	v_S/km·s^-1	密度/g·cm^-3
上地壳	21	6.18	3.62	2.75
下地壳	20	6.79	3.97	2.94
莫霍面	0	7.95	4.52	3.31

图8 利用CAP方法反演2016年12月18日ML4.6地震深度拟合图(a)和波形拟合图(b)

Fig. 8 Depth fitting(a)and waveform fitting(b)of ML4.6 earthquake on December 18, 2016, inverted by CAP method.

表6 2种不同方法获得的震源机制解结果(下半球投影)

Table6 Results of focal mechanism solutions from two different methods(lower-hemisphere projection)

序号	发震时间 (BJT)	震级 M_L	节面Ⅰ			节面Ⅱ			P轴		T轴		B轴		使用方法
序号	发震时间 (BJT)	震级 M_L	走向 /(°)	倾角 /(°)	滑动角 /(°)	走向 /(°)	倾角 /(°)	滑动角 /(°)	方位 /(°)	倾角 /(°)	方位 /(°)	倾角 /(°)	方位 /(°)	倾角 /(°)	使用方法
1	2011-08-02	4.2	76	88	30	344	60	177	206	19	304	23	80	60	Snoke
	19:57:15.0		81	86	40	348	50	175	207	24	312	30	85	50	CAP
2	2014-04-04	4.1	125	84	-40	220	51	-172	75	32	179	22	297	50	Snoke
	23:16:40.2		121	75	-42	224	50	-160	74	40	178	16	285	46	CAP
3	2016-12-18	4.6	69	41	-105	269	51	-77	234	79	170	5	81	10	Snoke
	11:08:50.2		71	49	-100	266	42	-79	283	82	168	4	78	8	CAP
4	2020-01-06	4.2	271	29	-29	27	76	-116	267	52	137	27	33	25	Snoke
	22:21:25.6		271	56	-29	18	66	-142	238	43	143	6	46	47	CAP
5	2022-02-20	4.1	94	52	-12	192	80	-141	60	34	317	19	203	50	Snoke
	08:27:27.8		90	86	-19	182	70	-175	45	18	138	10	256	69	CAP
6	2013-04-04	4.0	257	60	-78	54	31	-109	194	72	338	15	71	10	Snoke
	17:42:24.8		265	57	-69	50	39	-119	224	70	340	10	73	18	CAP

图9 研究区分区地震活动时序图选取2009年1月—2023年12月太原、临汾和运城3区ML≥3.0地震, 长治区ML≥2.5地震

Fig. 9 Time sequence diagram of seismic activity in study area by zones.

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山西中南部中小地震震源机制应力特征和地震活动相关性分析

STRESS CHARACTERISTICS AND SEISMIC ACTIVITY CORRE-LATION OF SMALL TO MEDIUM EARTHQUAKE SOURCE MECHANISMS IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PART OF SHANXI PROVINCE

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