藏南申扎-定结裂谷系谢通门-登么错段晚第四纪活动特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.03.20250012

地震地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 718-733.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2025.03.20250012

藏南申扎-定结裂谷系谢通门-登么错段晚第四纪活动特征

王度¹⁾(), 陈立春¹⁾^,^*(), 李彦宝²⁾, 王虎³⁾, 贾永顺¹⁾, 高茵怡¹⁾, 薛柯依¹⁾

1)桂林理工大学地球科学学院, 广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室, 桂林 541006
2)中国地震局地质研究所, 地震动力学与强震预测全国重点实验室, 北京 100029
3)西南交通大学, 地球科学与工程学院, 成都 611756

收稿日期:2025-01-22 修回日期:2025-02-11 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-13
通讯作者: *陈立春, 男, 1970年生, 研究员, 博士生导师, 主要从事活动构造、古地震与地震安全性评价研究, E-mail: glutclc@glut.edu.cn。
作者简介:
王度, 男, 1987年生, 2018年于中国地震局地质研究所获构造地质学专业博士学位, 副教授, 主要从事活动构造与构造地貌、地震地质研究工作, E-mail: wangduo@glut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
第2次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0901); 广西自然科学基金(2024GXNSFAA010357); 国家自然科学基金(42472280); 国家自然科学基金(41902219)

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE XIETONGMEN TO DENGMECUO SEGMENT ALONG THE XAINZA-DINGGYE RIFT IN SOUTHERN QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU

WANG Duo¹⁾(), CHEN Li-chun¹⁾^,^*(), LI Yan-bao²⁾, WANG Hu³⁾, JIA Yong-shun¹⁾, GAO Yin-yi¹⁾, XUE Ke-yi¹⁾

1)China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
2)State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
3)Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

Received:2025-01-22 Revised:2025-02-11 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青藏高原近SN向的裂谷系与近EW向的走滑断裂是调节高原内部EW向伸展变形的主要构造。然而, 关于藏南裂谷系南、北2段衔接部位雅鲁藏布江缝合带两侧的断层活动性研究工作较少, 极大阻碍了对裂谷系变形过程与地震活动的认识和理解。文中聚焦申扎-定结裂谷系南、北2段相邻的谢通门段和登么错段, 采用遥感解译、野外调查、光释光与¹⁴C年代学等方法, 发现谢通门段东、西支断裂均为全新世活动断裂, 最新一次事件发生在距今1ka以来; 谢通门西支断裂往S穿过了雅鲁藏布江缝合带的北缘断裂, 终止于缝合带晚更新世活动的南缘断裂; 登么错段晚第四纪活动强烈, 2025年定日6.8级地震的地表破裂和精定位余震揭示该段正在向北侧扩展。因此, 推测申扎-定结裂谷系可能正在持续扩展, 谢通门段与登么错段所夹持的断层空段未来的强震风险不容忽视。文中研究可为日喀则区域重大工程地震安全性评价和近期 M_S6.8 定日地震震区灾后重建提供断裂活动性数据支撑。

关键词: 申扎-定结裂谷系, 2025年定日6.8级地震, 活动构造, 晚第四纪活动性, 青藏高原

Abstract:

The nearly north-trending rift system and nearly east-west strike-slip faults are the major structures accommodating the east-west extensional deformation within the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The rift systems are roughly separated by the nearly east-west striking Indus-Yarlung suture zone into north and south parts. The eastern rift systems are a strongly active major seismic zone in Xizang, which is characterized by faulted landforms of alluvial fans, river terraces, and moraines with large magnitude earthquakes. The Yadong-Gulu rift experienced the 1411 Damxung M8 earthquake and the 1952 Gulu M7.4 earthquake. On January 7, 2025, a M_S6.8 earthquake occurred along the southern segment of the Xainza-Dinggye rift in Dingri County, Xigaze, which caused widespread concern about the seismic and Late Quaternary active behaviors along the rift systems. However, few studies on fault activity at the junction of the north and south segments of the rift systems were conducted along both side of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone, which greatly hinders us from understanding the active deformation process and seismic activity of the rift systems in southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

The Xainza-Dinggye rift can be divided into the north and south segments, named the Xainza and Dinggye rifts, by the Indus-Yarlung suture zone. The Xietongmen and Dengmecuo segments are the northern and southern adjacent segments of Xainza-Dinggye rift, respectively. The Xietongmen segment as the south end of the Xainza rift intersect with the Indus-Yarlung strike-slip fault. There are no strong earthquakes of over M6 recorded near the Xietongmen segment, and the small and medium earthquakes are significantly less than those of other segments. The 2025 Dingri earthquake has caused great social concern about whether a larger earthquake will occur between the Dengmecuo and Xietongmen segment of the Xainza-Dinggye rift, especially in the densely populated area of Xietongmen County. A recent earthquake risk survey has not yet found evidence of Holocene activity along the Xietongmen segment. Meanwhile, previous studies suggest very low activity during the late Quaternary along the Dengmecuo segment, which is in stark contrast to current strong earthquake activities. Therefore, there are still great uncertainties about the fault geometry and activity of the Xainza-Dinggye rift on both sides of the Indus-Yarlung suture zone.

To determine the Late Quaternary activity of the Xietongmen to Dengmecuo segments of the Xainza-Dinggye rift, we used remote sensing interpretation, field survey, optically stimulated luminescence, and radiocarbon dating methods on the displaced landforms. We found new evidence of the latest activity on the eastern and western branches of the Xietongmen segment at the past millennium. The western branch of the Xietongmen segment has crossed the Yarlung Zangbo River southward, then terminates at the intersection basin with the latest active branches of southern Yarlung Zangbo fault. Our results also suggest the Dengmecuo segment had strong activity with several hundred meters width since the late Quaternary. The latest faulting has extended northward into the mountainous area according to the surface ruptures and positioning aftershocks of the M_S6.8 earthquake. The nearly east-west striking Indus-Yarlung suture zone constitutes a north-trending structural gap zone between the two segments. The fault geometries, displaced landforms, and seismic activity of these two segments reveal that they are probably approaching by cutting through this structural gap, and the seismic risk cannot be ignored in the future. Due to the limitations of existing data, further detailed field investigations, geodetic observations, and geophysical deep data are needed to verify and improve our speculation. Our results of the Late Quaternary activity of the Xietongmen to Dengmecuo segments of the Xainza-Dinggye rift provide scientific support for seismic risk assessment of national engineering projects and post-disaster reconstruction of the recent M_S6.8 earthquake in the Xigaze region.

Key words: Xainza-Dinggye rift, 2025 Dingri M_S6.8 earthquake, active tectonics, Late Quaternary activity, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

王度, 陈立春, 李彦宝, 王虎, 贾永顺, 高茵怡, 薛柯依. 藏南申扎-定结裂谷系谢通门-登么错段晚第四纪活动特征[J]. 地震地质, 2025, 47(3): 718-733.

WANG Duo, CHEN Li-chun, LI Yan-bao, WANG Hu, JIA Yong-shun, GAO Yin-yi, XUE Ke-yi. LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE XIETONGMEN TO DENGMECUO SEGMENT ALONG THE XAINZA-DINGGYE RIFT IN SOUTHERN QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU[J]. SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY, 2025, 47(3): 718-733.

图/表 9

图1 申扎-定结裂谷系与2025年定日地震 MS6.8 地震主余震分布图 a 青藏高原及其周缘主要活动断裂分布, 绿色图框为申扎-定结裂谷位置; b 申扎-定结裂谷活动断裂展布与2025年1月7日定日 MS6.8 地震及余震位置。活动断裂展布(红色粗线为主断层, 红色细线为次级断层)据文献(Taylor et al., 2009)修改, 雅鲁藏布江缝合带(半透明浅绿色)据文献(Wang et al., 2000), 地震目录源自中国地震台网中心赵博(2025)给出的精定位数据。北段申扎裂谷系: JGF 甲岗山东麓段; QDF 青都段; CBF 查布段; XTMF 谢通门段。南段定结裂谷系: DJF 定结段; GJF 郭加段; DMF 登么错段。工作点: ① 夏角村; ② 安张村南; ③ 可布村; ④ 玛琼村; ⑤ 登么错东

Fig. 1 Xainza-Dinggye rift and distribution of mainshock and aftershocks of the 2025 MS6.8 Dingri earthquake.

图2 谢通门段东支夏角村一带主河道与阶地地貌 a 夏角村一带地貌; b 断层地貌与断层剖面位置; c 采样位置与测年结果, 14C测试由美国BETA实验室完成

Fig. 2 Morphotectonic setting of the east branch of the Xietongmen segment at the Xiajiao site.

图3 谢通门段东支夏角村断层剖面 a 向N延伸断错地貌照片; b 断层剖面照片; c 断层剖面解译图。1 含黏土砂砾层; 2 黄土; 3 始新世花岗岩; 4 断层带

Fig. 3 Fault profiles of east branch of the Xietongmen segment at the Xiajiao site.

图4 谢通门段西支无人机全景照片 a 雅鲁藏布江北岸附近向N延伸断错地貌照片; b 跨雅鲁藏布江向S延伸断错地貌照片

Fig. 4 UAV photographs of the west branch of the Xietongmen segment.

图5 谢通门段西支安张村南断错地貌与剖面 a 安张村南主断层陡坎地貌照片; b T1阶地次级断层剖面远景照; c、 d T1阶地次级断层剖面近照。14C测试由美国BETA实验室完成

Fig. 5 Faulted landforms and profiles of the west branch of the Xietongmen segment at the southern Anzhang site.

图6 谢通门段西支可布村断层陡坎与剖面 a 可布村断层陡坎地貌照片; b 断层陡坎与断层剖面远照; c 断层剖面近照; d 断层剖面解译与光释光测年结果1 砂砾层; 2 含砾石黄土; 3 断层带

Fig. 6 Fault scarp and profile at the Kebu site on the western branch of the Xietongmen segment.

图7 谢通门段西支玛琼村断层地貌与剖面 a 玛琼村断层陡坎地貌、剖面与光释光测年结果; b、 c 断层剖面照片

Fig. 7 Fault landform and profiles at Maqiong Village on the western branch of the Xietongmen segment.

图8 登么错东缘一带登么错段活动断层地貌 a 登么错东缘断错地貌谷歌遥感影像; b 断错地貌照片

Fig. 8 Active fault landforms along the eastern margin of the Dengmecuo segment.

图9 登么错东缘一带登么错段活动断层剖面 a 登么错东缘登么错段断层剖面远照; b 断层剖面近照; c 断层剖面解译图1 砂砾层; 2 粉土层; 3 水平层理粉细砂层; 4 断层带

Fig. 9 Active fault profile along the eastern margin of the Dengmecuo segment.

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藏南申扎-定结裂谷系谢通门-登么错段晚第四纪活动特征

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE XIETONGMEN TO DENGMECUO SEGMENT ALONG THE XAINZA-DINGGYE RIFT IN SOUTHERN QINGHAI-XIZANG PLATEAU

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