关键词: 逆断层相关褶皱, 河流阶地, 速率, 翼旋转, 膝折带迁移, 褶皱陡坎, 晚第四纪

Abstract: The foreland basin of contractional orogen commonly occurs in thrust related fold. Quantitative constraint on fold's growing process is important to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of orogens, and for seismic hazard assessment and hydrocarbon resource prospect evaluation. Fluvial terrace, as a kind of widely distributed, easy dating and passively deformed geomorphic marker, is more and more applied to defining the growth mechanism and rates of active folds. Combining deformed fluvial terrace with pre-growth and growth strata, we can acquire the total shortening and the initiation age, and retrieve the whole evolving history of a fold.Based on geometry and kinematical characteristics, thrust related fold can be classified into fault bend fold, fault propagation fold and detachment fold. As occurred on the tip of a fault, the fault propagation fold and detachment fold are generally named fault tip fold. According to different stress situation, folding deformation includes no shear, simple shear and pure shear, and displays as two end-member models: kink band migration and limb rotation. In different models, the fluvial terrace shows different deformation characteristics, which can be used to distinguish the models.We summarized and discussed how to use deformed terraces to constrain the shortening rates and uplift rates of the sinusoidal and chevron flexural-slip fold, classical fault bend fold, as well as pure shear fault tip fold, and briefly introduced the conception of fold scarp. However, the natural fold is usually formed by combination of different mechanisms, which is much more complicated than the models mentioned. Therefore, the future study should be concentrated on modeling the fold produced by different mechanisms, rather than only one mechanism. In addition, we mentioned three different types of fold scarps: fold scarp occurring in classical fault bend fold and fold scarp formed by kink band migration and limb rotation in detachment fold.

Key words: thrust related fold, fluvial terrace, rate, limb rotation, kink band migration, fold scarp, late-Quaternary