SEISMOLOGY AND GEOLOGY ›› 2010, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 150-161.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.01.015

• Brief Report • Previous Articles     Next Articles

ON THE CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE-GENERATED TSUNAMI

WEI Bai-lin1, HE Hong-lin2, GUO liang-tian1, YANG Xuan1, KANG Ying1   

  • Received:2009-07-04 Revised:2010-01-31 Online:2010-03-19 Published:2010-05-22

试论地震海啸的成因

魏柏林1, 何宏林2, 郭良田1, 杨选1, 康英1   

  1. 1. 广东省地震局, 广州, 510070;
    2. 中国地震局地质研究所, 北京, 100029
  • 作者简介:魏柏林,男,1937年生,1961年毕业于西北大学地质系,研究员,从事大地构造、震源应力场与构造应力场研究,电话:020-87688532,E-mail:wbl33831137@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    科技部社会公益研究专项“中国沿海地区古海啸的定量研究”项目(2005DIB3J118)资助

Abstract: Based on the study and statistics on earthquakes,we know that most of the earthquakes don't induce tsunami,so there is no direct causality between earthquake and tsunami.The earthquake-generated tsunami(especially the big earthquake-generated tsunami)is mainly induced by the secondary and huge volumetric submarine landslide and collapse caused by ocean-bottom earthquake,rather than the submarine coseismic dislocation and deformation.If there exist unstable submarine landslide and collapse bodies nearby the epicenter,earthquake,regardless of the size,the focal depth,or the source type(namely,dip-slip or strike-slip)of it,will induce submarine landslide and collapse,and then generate tsunami.Otherwise,it will not generate tsunami even with big magnitude or dip-slip.

Key words: earthquake, tsunami, landslide, collapse

摘要: 经统计与研究,多数地震是不引发海啸的,故地震与海啸不存在直接的因果关系。这是因为引发地震海啸(特别是大的地震海啸)的直接原因,主要是海底地震所造成的次生的巨大体积的海底滑坡和崩塌,而不是海底地震时海底地面的同震错断与变形。因此,若未来震中附近存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,只要发生地震,不论震级大小与震源深浅,也不论震源类型(即倾滑或走滑)都可引起海底滑坡和崩塌,进而引发海啸。若未来震中附近不存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,再大震级的地震,即使是倾滑型地震也不能引发海啸。

关键词: 地震, 海啸, 滑坡, 崩塌

CLC Number: