Abstract: Based on the study and statistics on earthquakes,we know that most of the earthquakes don't induce tsunami,so there is no direct causality between earthquake and tsunami.The earthquake-generated tsunami(especially the big earthquake-generated tsunami)is mainly induced by the secondary and huge volumetric submarine landslide and collapse caused by ocean-bottom earthquake,rather than the submarine coseismic dislocation and deformation.If there exist unstable submarine landslide and collapse bodies nearby the epicenter,earthquake,regardless of the size,the focal depth,or the source type(namely,dip-slip or strike-slip)of it,will induce submarine landslide and collapse,and then generate tsunami.Otherwise,it will not generate tsunami even with big magnitude or dip-slip.

Key words: earthquake, tsunami, landslide, collapse

摘要： 经统计与研究,多数地震是不引发海啸的,故地震与海啸不存在直接的因果关系。这是因为引发地震海啸(特别是大的地震海啸)的直接原因,主要是海底地震所造成的次生的巨大体积的海底滑坡和崩塌,而不是海底地震时海底地面的同震错断与变形。因此,若未来震中附近存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,只要发生地震,不论震级大小与震源深浅,也不论震源类型(即倾滑或走滑)都可引起海底滑坡和崩塌,进而引发海啸。若未来震中附近不存在不稳定海底滑坡和崩塌体,再大震级的地震,即使是倾滑型地震也不能引发海啸。

关键词: 地震, 海啸, 滑坡, 崩塌