地震地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 127-138.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2023.01.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

郯庐断裂带赤山段全新世新活动的特征

郑海刚1),2),3)(), 姚大全2),*(), 赵朋2), 杨源源2), 黄金水1),3)   

  1. 1)中国科学技术大学, 地球和空间科学学院, 合肥 230026
    2)安徽省地震局, 合肥 230031
    3)安徽蒙城地球物理国家野外科学观测研究站, 蒙城 233500
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-13 修回日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-24
  • 通讯作者: * 姚大全, 男, 1956年生, 硕士, 研究员, 主要从事地震地质、 活动构造研究工作, E-mail: daquany@aheq.gov.cn。
  • 作者简介:郑海刚, 男, 1981年生, 现为中国科学技术大学固体地球物理专业在读博士研究生, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震地质及地震形变应用研究, E-mail: zhghfut@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41802224);中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH23020YA);安徽蒙城地球物理国家野外观测站联合开放基金(MEMGO-202216);安徽蒙城地球物理国家野外观测站联合开放基金(MENGO-202112)

NEW ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CHISHAN SECTION OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE IN HOLOCENE

ZHENG Hai-gang1),2),3)(), YAO Da-quan2),*(), ZHAO Peng2), YANG Yuan-yuan2), HUANG Jin-shui1),3)   

  1. 1)School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
    2)Anhui Earthquake Agency, Hefei 230031, China
    3)Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Mengcheng, Anhui 233500, China
  • Received:2022-02-13 Revised:2022-07-04 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-24

摘要:

文中在野外开挖探槽及年龄样品测试的基础上, 对郯庐断裂带赤山段全新世的新活动特征进行了详细讨论。在泗县赤山镇徐井村附近开挖了2个地质探槽(XJ1、 XJ2), 其中XJ1探槽揭露了10个地层单元, 从老到新依次为U1U10; 发现3条断层, 由东向西依次为F1、 F2和F3; 识别出3次古地震事件, 由老到新依次为E1、 E2和E3。事件E1和E2分别为F1和F2的逆冲活动, 事件E3为F2逆走滑和F3正走滑共同活动的结果。前2次古地震事件E1、 E2发生于中更新世晚更新世晚期之间, 后一次事件E3代表最新一次古地震活动, 发生于地层U9沉积以后, 在该层上部采集的泥炭样品的测定年代为11.10~10.75k a BP, 说明郯庐断裂带赤山段在全新世早期以后仍有活动。

关键词: 全新世, 郯庐断裂带, 逆断层陡坎, 古地震

Abstract:

The Chishan section of Tan-Lu fault zone is located in Sixian County, northern Anhui Province. Research on the characteristics of Quaternary fault activity of this section began in the 1990s, which includes microgeomorphology survey, trench excavation, dating sample collection and measurement, and so on. Through these studies, many valuable data and results were accumulated, which laid a good foundation for the current research. Based on the field geological survey and previous studies, two geological trenches were excavated, which are named trench XJ1 and XJ2 respectively. Among them, very rich remains of ancient earthquakes were found in trench XJ1 and analyzed as major contents in this paper, and few relics of ancient earthquake were found in trench XJ2, which are not involved in this paper.

In the trench XJ1, ten strata units were revealed, labeled as U1 to U10 from old to young, respectively. Layer U1 is the Cretaceous sandstone with a thickness about 0.5~1.0m, lying on the bottom of the west wall of the trench. Layer U2 is yellowish brown clay with a thickness of 1~2.5m, located at the bottom of the eastern side of trench profile. One OSL sample is collected in the middle of this layer with an age more than 150k a BP, which indicates the layer was deposited before the Mid Pleistocene. Layer U3 is purple clay-sand, which is wide at the bottom around 6.5m and narrow at the top around 2.5m, and the top extends about 7m continuously from west to east. Layer U4 is motley gravel with a thickness about 2.0~2.5m, which is below layer U9 and above layer U4 on the west side of the trench wall. Layer U5 is gravel containing a lot of clay and a few of sandstone clumps, wide at the top about 3m and narrow at the bottom about 2m. Layer U6 is light green gravel containing some sand and clay, thick in the west about 0.8m and thin in the east about 0.2m, extending around 7m discontinuously from west to east. Layer U7 is grayish white gravel with sand and clay, thick in the west around 1.0m and thin in the east around 0.2m, extending about 5m continuously from west to east. Layer U8 is yellow clay with a thickness of 0.5~2.0m, located below layer U9 and above U7. One peat sample was taken from the top of the layer and the age of this sample is 21.57~21.22k a BP measured by Beta Analytic Inc in the United States, which indicates this layer was deposited in Late Epipleistocene. Layer U9 is black clay with a thickness of 0.5~1.5m, which is located above Layer U4, U5, U7 and U8 and is the latest disturbed layer in the trench. One peat sample was taken from the bottom of this layer and the age of this sample is 11.10~10.75k a BP measured by Beta Analytic Inc in the United States, which indicates this layer was deposited in the early Holocene. Layer U10 is the cultivation layer with a thickness of 0.2~0.5m, located on the topmost of the trench wall.

Three faults were revealed in these layers, named as F1 and F2 and F3 respectively from east to west. Three paleoseismic events were identified, which are labeled as E1 and E2 and E3 respectively from old to new. The E1 represents a thrust activity of fault F1. After the deposition of layers U5, U3 and U2 finished, the hanging wall U5 of fault F1 thrust upward above the footwall U8, and the soft layer U3 in between was squeezed and rubbed upward, forming lenticles in the layer, which indicates the movement direction of the hanging wall of F1 is thrust upward. A compressional overfall scarp was formed by this event, then the layer U6 was deposited on the east side of the scarp, whose age is not measured. But the dating of layer U2 beneath the fault F1 yields an age before Mid Pleistocene, which constrains the lower limit age of E1 to be after Mid Pleistocene. The E2 represents a thrust faulting of fault F2. After the deposition of layer U6, a new thrust faulting occurred on fault F2, which cut through layer U5 and formed a thrust fault scarp. Later, U7 and U8 were deposited on the east of the scarp. The layer U7 is gravel, whose age is not measured, but the layer U8 is dated as the Late Epipleistocene, which constrains the upper limit age of events E1 and E2 to be after Late Epipleistocene. The E3 represents a strike-slip normal faulting of Fault F3, which faulted the layer U3. According to the age of the layer U3, we can constrain the lower limit age of E3 to be the Early Holocene, which indicates that the Chishan section of the Tan-Lu fault zone is still active after the Early Holocene.

To sum up, two geological trenches were excavated at the Chishan section of Tan-Lu fault zone, named as trench XJ1 and XJ2 respectively, and three main faults were revealed on the wall of trench XJ1, named as F1, F2 and F3 from east to west, and three paleoseismic events were identified, which are labeled as E1 and E2 and E3 respectively from old to new. The latest ancient seismic event faulted the Early Holocene layer, indicating the Chishan section of the Tan-Lu fault zone is still active after the Late Holocene, and the latest activity is of strike-slip normal faulting, which provides new evidence for the presence of Holocene activity of this fault section and new information for long-term seismic risk assessment in this area.

Key words: Holocene, Tan-Lu fault zone, reverse fault scarp, paleoearthquake

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